Digital Modulation Schemes

transmitter receiver

Transmission

Modulation

Amplitude Modulation

Double Sideband Spectrum Fig. 3.2

QPSK modulation Fig. 2.16

In Practice

RZ and NRZ Line Codes & spectra Fig. 2.11

Nyquist Pulses for zero-ISI Fig. 2.12

Raised Cosine Spectrum Fig. 2.13

Spectrum of Raised Cosine pulse Fig. 2.13

Raised Cosine pulses Fig. 2.14

RF signal using Raised Cosine Fig. 2.15

Gaussian pulse-shapes Fig. 2.16

Virtue of pulse shaping Fig. 2.16

BPSK constellation Fig. 2.16

BPSK Coherent demodulator Fig. 2.16

QPSK receiver Fig. 2.16

FSK Coherent Detection Fig. 2.16

Noncoherent FSK Fig. 2.16

MSK modulation Fig. 3.2

MSK reception

Minimum Shift Keying spectra

GMSK spectral shaping Fig. 2.3

GMSK spectra shaping Fig. 2.16

Simple GMSK generation

GMSK Demodulator

Digital GMSK demodulator Fig. 2.4

8-PSK Signal Constellation Fig. 2.5

Bandwidth vs. Power Efficiency Fig. 2.16

Pulse Shaped M-PSK Fig. 2.6

16-QAM Signal Constellation Fig. 2.7

QAM efficiencies Fig. 2.16

M-ary FSK efficiencies Fig. 2.16

PN Sequence Generator Fig. 2.8

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Fig. 2.9

Direct Sequence Spreading Fig. 2.10

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Fig. 2.11

CDMA – Multiple Users Fig. 2.12

Effects of Fading Fig. 2.13

Irreducible Bit Error Rate due to multipath Fig. 2.14

Irreducible Bit Error Rate due to multipath Fig. 2.15

Simulation of Fading and Multipath Fig. 2.16

Irreducible BER due to fading Fig. 2.16

Irreducible BER due to fading Fig. 2.16

BER due to fading & multipath Fig. 2.16

Back Up

Product Detection

Slope Detector for FM Fig. 2.5

Digital Demod for FM Fig. 2.6

PLL Demod for FM Fig. 2.7

FM Demod circuit Fig. 2.9