Science Mathematics Technology Artistic Cultural

Ancient Rome Science Timeline 384 – 322 BC: Aristotle – Geocentric Theory [earth centered universe] 310 – 230 BC: Aristarchus – Heliocentric Theory [sun centered universe] 287 – 212 BC: Archimedes – Criticized Aristarchus’ Discovery [The Sand Reckoner] AD: Claudius Ptolemy – Epicycle Theory [The Almagest] : Thomas Aquinas: Declared “God” via philosophy and theology

1473 – 1543: Nicholas Copernicus: Heliocentric Theory [On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres] : William Gilbert – Magnetism and Electricity via empirical data [De Magnete: On the Magnet] 1564 – 1642: Galileo Galilei – Confirmed Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory via telescopes and thought experiments : Giordano Bruno – Postulated an “Infinite” Universe. The Roman Catholic Church denounced, and duly criticized Galileo : Tyco Brahe – Confirmed Galileo’s observations, and witnessed a supernova [De Nova Stella]

1571 – 1630: Johannes Kepler – Kepler’s Three Laws [Harmonies of the World]; Optics, Telescopes, and more 1642 – 1727: Isaac Newton – Newton’s Three Laws; Inventor of Calculus; Master of Alchemy; Discovered Optics – and the Visible Light Spectrum; Law of Gravitation [Principia] : Edmund Halley – Influenced by Newton’s calculations and predicted “Halley’s Comet” : Nikola Tesla – Vibration, Resonance; Master of Electricity; Inventor of Alternating Current (A/C) in contrast to Thomas Edison of Direct Current (D/C)

Ancient Rome Mathematics Timeline Metric flat 2 dimensional space Pythagorean theory Geometry, with logical understanding framework Conic sections: ellipse, parabola and hyperbola trigonometry Number theory.

-1665 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Mathematics turned into family buisness Calculus from different perspectives Hydrodynamics Analysin infinitorum. (e ix = cos x + i sin x) Hyperbolic trigonometry. Etc.

Ancient Rome Technology Timeline 280 First Roman coins as currency Telescopes Concrete Paddle Boats Candles Modern calendar Coliseums (This one was harder than others, because I couldn’t find a specific timeline for it.

Ancient Rome Art Timeline 800 The Forum Romanian is build; first permanent buildings of stone in Rome. 221 Blossom-time of the Roman fine-earthwork- industries and Circus Flaminius is built. 200 The Greek art is brought to Rome. 46 The Forum of Caesar is build. 78 Augustus executes a building program for Rome. 271 Aurelianus builds city-walls around Rome.

Ancient Rome Culture Timeline 509 Rome becomes a republic. Rome becomes the most important city of his surroundings, Latium. 338 Roman Empire enrôla Campai Rome colonizes and conquers Italy. 167 Direct taxes Roman citizens abolished. 44 Ceasar is killed.

Ancient Rome’s Achievements The alphabet. Which is still used today. Their army conquered much. The Twelve Tables and the Justinian Code: Their law. They were great architectures and expanded their empire and made great roads and buildings. They created plumbing !!