© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 The Bureaucracy Bureaucratic Politics

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Assess the nature, sources, and extent of bureaucratic power Describe the types of agencies in the federal bureaucracy and the extent and purposes of the bureaucracy

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Trace changes over time in the size and composition of the bureaucracy and assess the repercussions for democracy Explain how the bureaucracy is staffed, to whom it is accountable, and how accountability is affected by politics and bureaucratic culture

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Outline the budgetary process and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the current system Outline the growth of federal regulation

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Evaluate the cost of federal regulation Summarize the constraints that Congress can place on the bureaucracy

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Power  The Nature of Bureaucracy  The Growth of Bureaucratic Power  Bureaucratic Power: Implementation  Bureaucratic Power: Regulation  Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication  Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion  Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Power  The Nature of Bureaucracy  The Growth of Bureaucratic Power  Bureaucratic Power: Implementation  Bureaucratic Power: Regulation  Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication  Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion  Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 12.1: The Federal Bureaucracy 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Power  The Nature of Bureaucracy  The Growth of Bureaucratic Power  Bureaucratic Power: Implementation  Bureaucratic Power: Regulation  Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication  Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion  Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Power  The Nature of Bureaucracy  The Growth of Bureaucratic Power  Bureaucratic Power: Implementation  Bureaucratic Power: Regulation  Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication  Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion  Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ? a.Budget maximization b.Implementation c.Adjudication d.Regulation 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ? a.Budget maximization b.Implementation c.Adjudication d.Regulation 12.1

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Federal Bureaucracy  Cabinet Departments  Cabinet Department Functions  Cabinet Appointments  Independent Regulatory Commissions  Independent Agencies  The “Fed”  Government Corporations  Contractors and Consultants 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 12.2: The Capitol, White House, and Bureaucracy corridors of Power 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Federal Bureaucracy  Cabinet Departments  Cabinet Department Functions  Cabinet Appointments  Independent Regulatory Commissions  Independent Agencies  The “Fed”  Government Corporations  Contractors and Consultants 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TABLE 12.1: Who Does What? Cabinet Departments and Functions 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Federal Bureaucracy  Cabinet Departments  Cabinet Department Functions  Cabinet Appointments  Independent Regulatory Commissions  Independent Agencies  The “Fed”  Government Corporations  Contractors and Consultants 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Federal Bureaucracy  Cabinet Departments  Cabinet Department Functions  Cabinet Appointments  Independent Regulatory Commissions  Independent Agencies  The “Fed”  Government Corporations  Contractors and Consultants 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TABLE 12.2: Who Does What? Major Regulatory Bureaucracies 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Coast Guard 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which organization employs the most federal workers? a.Government Corporations b.Independent Regulatory Commissions c.Independent Agencies d.Cabinet Departments 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which organization employs the most federal workers? a.Government Corporations b.Independent Regulatory Commissions c.Independent Agencies d.Cabinet Departments 12.2

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucracy and Democracy  The Spoils System  The Merit System  Political Involvement  The Problem of Responsiveness  The Problem of Productivity  Civil Service Reform  Bureaucracy and Representation 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucracy and Democracy  The Spoils System  The Merit System  Political Involvement  The Problem of Responsiveness  The Problem of Productivity  Civil Service Reform  Bureaucracy and Representation 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Spoiled Rotten 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucracy and Democracy  The Spoils System  The Merit System  Political Involvement  The Problem of Responsiveness  The Problem of Productivity  Civil Service Reform  Bureaucracy and Representation 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucracy and Democracy  The Spoils System  The Merit System  Political Involvement  The Problem of Responsiveness  The Problem of Productivity  Civil Service Reform  Bureaucracy and Representation 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TABLE 12.3: Firing a Bureaucrat: What Is Required to Dismiss a Federal Employee 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TABLE 12.4: Diversity in the Bureaucracy: Minorities in Federal Employment 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”? a.John Adams b.Andrew Jackson c.Franklin Roosevelt d.Lyndon Johnson 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”? a.John Adams b.Andrew Jackson c.Franklin Roosevelt d.Lyndon Johnson 12.3

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Politics  Presidential “Plums”  Rooms at the Top  Whistle-Blowers  Agency Cultures  “Reinventing” Government  Outsourcing  Presidential Initiative 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Politics  Presidential “Plums”  Rooms at the Top  Whistle-Blowers  Agency Cultures  “Reinventing” Government  Outsourcing  Presidential Initiative 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Politics  Presidential “Plums”  Rooms at the Top  Whistle-Blowers  Agency Cultures  “Reinventing” Government  Outsourcing  Presidential Initiative 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Politics  Presidential “Plums”  Rooms at the Top  Whistle-Blowers  Agency Cultures  “Reinventing” Government  Outsourcing  Presidential Initiative 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Bureaucratic Politics  Presidential “Plums”  Rooms at the Top  Whistle-Blowers  Agency Cultures  “Reinventing” Government  Outsourcing  Presidential Initiative 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees? a.Lobbying b.Budget maximization c.Whistle-blowing d.Outsourcing 12.4

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. a.Lobbying b.Budget maximization c.Whistle-blowing d.Outsourcing Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees?

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. OMB 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 12.3: How It Works: The Budget Process 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Budget  Office of Management and Budget  The President’s Budget  House and Senate Budget Committees  Congressional Appropriations Committees  Appropriations Acts  Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns”  The Politics of Budgeting  Budgeting Is “Incremental”  Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending? a.The House and Senate Appropriations Committees b.The House and Senate Budget Committees c.The House Ways and Means Committee d.The Congressional Budget Office 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending? a.The House and Senate Appropriations Committees b.The House and Senate Budget Committees c.The House Ways and Means Committee d.The Congressional Budget Office 12.5

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Congressional Constraints on the Bureaucracy  Senate Confirmation of Appointments  Congressional Oversight  Congressional Appropriations  Congressional Investigation  Casework 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Congressional Constraints on the Bureaucracy  Senate Confirmation of Appointments  Congressional Oversight  Congressional Appropriations  Congressional Investigation  Casework 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. FIGURE 12.4: How to use the Freedom of Information Act 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Congressional Constraints on the Bureaucracy  Senate Confirmation of Appointments  Congressional Oversight  Congressional Appropriations  Congressional Investigation  Casework 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. TSA Screening 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy? a.Casework b.Congressional Oversight c.Congressional Appropriations d.Congressional Investigation 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy? a.Casework b.Congressional Oversight c.Congressional Appropriations d.Congressional Investigation 12.6

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Interest Groups and Bureaucratic Decision Making  Interest groups monitor particular departments and agencies  Lobby bureaucracies 12.7

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts? a.National Weather Service b.Department of Energy c.Equal Employment Opportunity Commission d.Environmental Protection Agency 12.7

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts? a.National Weather Service b.Department of Energy c.Equal Employment Opportunity Commission d.Environmental Protection Agency 12.7

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Judicial Constraints on the Bureaucracy  Judicial Standards for Bureaucratic Behavior  Bureaucrats’ Success in Court 12.8

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts a.are usually unsuccessful b.are often too costly c.take many years in the courts d.all of the above 12.8

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts a.are usually unsuccessful b.are often too costly c.take many years in the courts d.all of the above 12.8

© 2016,2014,2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Discussion Question What is your perception of the role bureaucracy plays in our democracy? Does it have too much power? Who should control the bureaucracy? 12