Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 13

Bell Ringer Set-up Notebook for New Section –Chapter 13: Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution –Update Table of Contents Set-up Notebook for New Section –Chapter 13: Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution –Update Table of Contents

The Renaissance The word renaissance means rebirth –Secular and urban They spent a lot of time recovering from previous disasters (plague, Crusades, etc.) They developed a high regard for human worth –“Men can do all things if they will” Leonardo da Vinci: a painter, architect, inventor and mathematician The word renaissance means rebirth –Secular and urban They spent a lot of time recovering from previous disasters (plague, Crusades, etc.) They developed a high regard for human worth –“Men can do all things if they will” Leonardo da Vinci: a painter, architect, inventor and mathematician

The Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince –Acquire and keep power –Rejected the idea that a prince should follow ethics and morals because humans, by nature are self-centered Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince –Acquire and keep power –Rejected the idea that a prince should follow ethics and morals because humans, by nature are self-centered

The Renaissance Baldassare Castiglone –The Book of Courtier described the perfect characteristics of a Renaissance Nobility. Baldassare Castiglone –The Book of Courtier described the perfect characteristics of a Renaissance Nobility.

The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance Humanism: the study of Greek and Roman classics –Studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy and history –Create complete, moral citizens –Petrarch: father of the Italian Renaissance Humanism Rejected scholastic philosophy Humanism: the study of Greek and Roman classics –Studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy and history –Create complete, moral citizens –Petrarch: father of the Italian Renaissance Humanism Rejected scholastic philosophy

Humanist Thinkers Sir Thomas More –Christian Humanist –Advocated Women and Education –Utopia Story of a fictional island society Demonstrated a more perfect society Sir Thomas More –Christian Humanist –Advocated Women and Education –Utopia Story of a fictional island society Demonstrated a more perfect society

Chapter 13 Vocabulary Humanism Fresco Renaissance Indulgences Protestant Calvinism Peace of Augsburg Individualism Humanism Fresco Renaissance Indulgences Protestant Calvinism Peace of Augsburg Individualism Realism Excommunication Jesuits Anabaptist Lutheranism Anglican Act of Supremacy Relics

Renaissance Art Chapter 13

Renaissance Art Renaissance artists sought to imitate life and nature in their works (REALISM) –Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo –Most art was religious or portraits… paid for my rich people and the church Renaissance artists sought to imitate life and nature in their works (REALISM) –Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo –Most art was religious or portraits… paid for my rich people and the church

Renaissance Art Fresco, painting with wet plaster and water based paint, was one technique Used by Da Vinci in The Last Supper Fresco, painting with wet plaster and water based paint, was one technique Used by Da Vinci in The Last Supper

Renaissance Art Individualism: more focus on individuals than God (portraits) Realism: realistic and emotions Antiquity (Greek/Rome Inspired): statues and architecture Individualism: more focus on individuals than God (portraits) Realism: realistic and emotions Antiquity (Greek/Rome Inspired): statues and architecture

Mona Lisa –Example of individualism and realism

The Protestant Reformation Chapter 13

The Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation split the Church into Catholic and Protestant groups –Started with Christian humanism Wanted to reform the Catholic Church The Protestant Reformation split the Church into Catholic and Protestant groups –Started with Christian humanism Wanted to reform the Catholic Church

The Protestant Reformation Christian humanists believed Everyone should read the Bible To change society first change the members of society –Erasmus believed that Christianity should show people how to be good people The external things, pilgrimages, fasts, and relics, were not important Christian humanists believed Everyone should read the Bible To change society first change the members of society –Erasmus believed that Christianity should show people how to be good people The external things, pilgrimages, fasts, and relics, were not important

The Protestant Reformation Complaints against the church: –Church too concerned with money Indulgences: release of sins for money Relics Pilgrimages –Corruption of church officials –Breaking of Vows Children out of wedlock Affairs with women Complaints against the church: –Church too concerned with money Indulgences: release of sins for money Relics Pilgrimages –Corruption of church officials –Breaking of Vows Children out of wedlock Affairs with women

The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther –Questioned the idea of indulgences – Taught that … salvation came from the heart of an individual People should read the Bible for themselves Only faith could save people Martin Luther –Questioned the idea of indulgences – Taught that … salvation came from the heart of an individual People should read the Bible for themselves Only faith could save people

The Protestant Reformation October 31, 1517 Luther sent Ninety-Five Theses to his church superiors –95 complaints he had against the church. Attacked –Indulgences –Chasity –Lack of Vernacular Bible October 31, 1517 Luther sent Ninety-Five Theses to his church superiors –95 complaints he had against the church. Attacked –Indulgences –Chasity –Lack of Vernacular Bible

The Protestant Reformation Luther was excommunicated, 1521 Luther was summoned to court as a heretic –Refused to recant Luther goes into hiding –Prints the Bible in German –Becomes popular with the people Lutheranism=new religion –Christianity splits into two Luther was excommunicated, 1521 Luther was summoned to court as a heretic –Refused to recant Luther goes into hiding –Prints the Bible in German –Becomes popular with the people Lutheranism=new religion –Christianity splits into two

Protestantism Spreads Chapter 13

The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response John Calvin and Calvinism –The Institutes of the Christian Religions –Luther and Calvin will agree on most things, except predestination. Anabaptist Baptism should be done as an adult Any male could be the leader of the church Bible was a literal work John Calvin and Calvinism –The Institutes of the Christian Religions –Luther and Calvin will agree on most things, except predestination. Anabaptist Baptism should be done as an adult Any male could be the leader of the church Bible was a literal work

The Wives of Henry VIII

Anne Boleyn Katherine Howard Katherine Parr Anne of Cleves Jane SeymourCatherine of Aragon

Anglican Reformation Rooted in Politics and Not Religion –Wanted a divorce from Catherine –Wanted a male heir –Pope refused annulment Rooted in Politics and Not Religion –Wanted a divorce from Catherine –Wanted a male heir –Pope refused annulment Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy Edward VI, son Mary I, eldest daughter –Attempted to restore Catholicism Elizabeth I, youngest daughter –Brought Protestantism back to England

Catholic Reformation Society of Jesus (Jesuits) –Ignatius Loyola –Educate and bring the Gospel to the people –Ended corruption Society of Jesus (Jesuits) –Ignatius Loyola –Educate and bring the Gospel to the people –Ended corruption Council of Trent –Faith and Good Deeds –Clear Teachings –Unified Belief

Scientific Revolution Chapter 13

Scientific Revolution Changing how we view the universe –Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentric universe (sun-centered) –Johannes Kepler: oval-shaped orbit (ellipse) –Galileo Galilei: claimed the earth moves and the planets were imperfect. Changing how we view the universe –Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentric universe (sun-centered) –Johannes Kepler: oval-shaped orbit (ellipse) –Galileo Galilei: claimed the earth moves and the planets were imperfect.

Scientific Revolution Scientific Method –Frances Bacon: experimentation and observation –Rene Descartes: human reasoning and search for true knowledge –Both challenged the Medieval Scholarship Scientific Method –Frances Bacon: experimentation and observation –Rene Descartes: human reasoning and search for true knowledge –Both challenged the Medieval Scholarship

Scientific Revolution Scientific Breakthroughs –Andreas Vesalius: accurate and detailed study of the human body –Robert Boyle: all matter is composed of tiny particles; composition of matter –Isaac Newton: Law of gravity; all motion can be explained mathematically Scientific Breakthroughs –Andreas Vesalius: accurate and detailed study of the human body –Robert Boyle: all matter is composed of tiny particles; composition of matter –Isaac Newton: Law of gravity; all motion can be explained mathematically

Renaissance Mobile –Sir Thomas More –Baldassare Castiglone –Niccolò Machiavelli –Leonardo da Vinci –Raphael –Erasmus –Galileo Galilei –Francis Bacon –Sir Thomas More –Baldassare Castiglone –Niccolò Machiavelli –Leonardo da Vinci –Raphael –Erasmus –Galileo Galilei –Francis Bacon –Michelangelo –Martin Luther –John Calvin –King Henry VIII –Queen Elizabeth I –Ignatius Loyola –Rene Descartes –Isaac Newton