WWII

Isolationist impulse of the 20’s No League of Nations Return to Normalcy War Debt fiasco Washington Conference 1921 – Disarmament and Open Door in China Kellogg-Briand Pact (War what is it good for, absolutely nothing)

Bye Bye Philippines… Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934 – Provides for independence of Philippines by 1946

Good Neighbor 1933 Pan-American conference – US supported a resolution declaring that no nation “has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.” Marines withdrew from Nicaragua and Haiti in 1934 – Platt amendment in Cuba ends Reversal of Wilsonian ideals…FDR seen to be a hero

Reciprocal Trade Agreements If you lower your tariffs we will lower ours – Designed to increase exports Cordell Hull was Sec of State negotiated 29 deals by Radically changed foundations of trade…we were protectionists since Civil War.

America values neutrality Whereas the 20’s was a time of disarmament, the 30’s was a time of militarism – Japan, Italy, German At home they blamed the war profiteers as merchants of death – The Nye Investigation Neutrality Acts of 1935, ‘36 and ’37. – Tailored to keep the U.S. out of war- cannot trade w/belligerents – Marked end of “freedom of seas” policy – Calamity in Spain (Spanish Civil War ) Navy was allowed to deteriorate

Not everyone is so “Neutral” Japan invades China in 1933 – Japan then violates all of the agreements they made. – How do we respond? Italy invades…Ethiopia? – Rise of Fascism This little guy becomes dictator in Germany – Starts re-arming and ignoring Versailles Rome, Berlin, Tokyo “Axis” formed in 1937

Formative Assessment Time Can you explain: “Isolation” in the 20’s Good Neighbor Reciprocal Trade Philippines Nye Neutrality Acts Effect of Neutrality Acts

Hitler begins the European War Annexation of Austria in 1938 Sudentenland and then Munich Conf in 1938 Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1939 What should America do? Neutrality Act 1939 – “Cash and Carry” begun

1940 was a big year Paris Falls Battle of Britain What should we do? Peacetime draft! Election of 3 rd term!

1941 The “Great Arsenal of Democracy” – “Lend-Lease” President has authority to sell, transfer, exchange, lease, etc. arms or other equipment to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the U.S.” Republicans and Midwest was against Hitler was no historian-Invades Russia – “If Hitler invaded hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons” August, 1941…secret meeting…ssshhhhhh! – Atlantic Charter…kind of like Versailles discussion Self-determination, freedom of seas, new international system of security

Can you recall… Austria 1938 Sudentenland Appeasement Neutrality of 1939 France Battle Of Britain Non-Aggression Pact and what happened Lend-Lease Atlantic Charter

Japan had eyes on controlling Pacific/Asia Washington Conference basically gave them control of the area as the US and GB decided to shrink presence. Began by invading Manchuria Then Indochina (Vietnam) Then Thailand We tell them to stop! (embargo) Then it hits the fan…=