BANK EXAM ONLINE COACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR ADJECTIVE

2www.bankguru.in ADJECTIVE Adjectives are describing words. Large, grey, and friendly are all examples of adjectives. In the examples below, these adjectives are used to describe an elephant.

3 KINDS OF ADJECTIVES Descriptive adjective or adjective of quality Descriptive adjectives are the most numerous of the different types of adjectives. These adjectives describe nouns that refer to action, state, or quality (careless, dangerous, excited, sad, black, white, big, small, long, fat, English, Mediterranean, three-cornered). dangerous chemicals green vegetables a square box a big house a tall tree a cold morning

4 For example: He has eaten three apples. I don’t have much money. There is so much wine for the guests. This long, thin centipede has many legs.

Demonstrative adjective A demonstrative adjective ( this, that, these, those ) shows the noun it modifies is singular or plural and whether the position of the noun is near or far from the person who is speaking or writing. A demonstrative adjective also points out a fact about the noun. For example: This red balloon is mine and those three yellow ;ones are yours. This cute baby is his brother. That cute baby is his sister. These two fat cats have tails, but that thin cat doesn’t have a tail.

Possessive adjective A possessive adjective expresses possession of a noun by someone or something. Possessive adjectives are the same as possessive pronouns. All the possessive adjectives are listed in the following table: 6 Possessive adjectives/pronouns SingularPlural myour your histheir hertheir itstheir

There are different types of adjectives based upon their effect on a noun and what do they tell about the noun. There are five categories of adjectives Honest, Kind, Large, Bulky, Beautiful, Ugly etc. New Delhi is a large city with many historical monuments. Sheila is a beautiful woman. 7

2. Adjectives of Quantity - These adjectives help to show the amount or the approximate amount of the noun or pronoun. These adjectives do not provide exact numbers; rather they tell us the amount of the noun in relative or whole terms. For example: All, Half, Many, Few, Little, No, Enough, Great etc. They have finished most of the rice. Many people came to visit the fair.

3. Adjectives of Number - These adjectives are used to show the number of nouns and their place in an order. There are three different sections within adjectives of number; they are – Definite Numeral Adjective - Those which clearly denote an exact number of nouns or the order of the noun. One, Two, Twenty, Thirty-Three etc. also known as Cardinals. First, Second, Third, Seventh etc. also known as Ordinals. Indefinite Numeral Adjective - Those adjectives that do not give an exact numerical amount but just give a general idea of the amount. Some, Many, Few, Any, Several, All etc. E.g.: There were many people present at the meeting. 9

Distributive Numeral Adjective -Those adjectives that are used to refer to individual nouns within the whole amount. For example: Either, Neither, Each, Another, Other etc. Taxes have to be paid by every employed citizen.

4. Demonstrative Adjectives - These adjectives are used to point out or indicate a particular noun or pronoun using the adjectives - This, That, These and Those. That bag belongs to Neil. Try using this paintbrush in art class. I really like those shoes. These flowers are lovely. 11

5. Interrogative Adjectives

6.Coordinate Adjectives - Are those words which can be re-arranged in the series easily and are still grammatically sound. This kind of series makes use of commas. This series can also insert ‘and’ between them and still be correct. She was a kind, generous, loving human being. She was a generous, loving, kind human being. She was a loving, kind and generous human being. Here we can see that all three sentences are grammatically correct. In this case, the adjectives only need to be separated by commas. 14

Non-coordinate Adjectives - These are those adjectives which cannot be rearranged in the series. These do not use commas to separate the adjectives. Also, this kind of series do not make sense if we insert ‘and’ between them. She has two energetic playful dogs. She has playful two energetic dogs. She has energetic and playful and two dogs. Here we see that only the first sentence makes sense and is grammatically correct. The second and third ones are incorrect. Hence, the sentence uses non-coordinate adjectives and does not need commas. 15

Rule : The comparative in -er is not used when we compare two qualities in the same person or thing. Incorrect : Mohan is wiser than strong. Correct :Mohan is more wise than strong. Rule : When two objects are compared with each other, the latter term of comparison must exclude the former. Incorrect : Satish is cleverer than any student in his class. Correct : Satish is cleverer than any other student in his class.

Rule : The comparative degree is generally followed by than but the following comparative adjectives are followed by the preposition to: inferior, superior, prior, anterior, posterior, senior, junior. Incorrect : India's fielding is inferior than South Africa's. Correct : India's fielding is inferior to South Africa's. Rule : Adjectives expressing qualities that do not admit of different degrees cannot be compared. Incorrect : Our field is more square than theirs. Rule: Double comparatives and superlatives are to be avoided. Incorrect: Zarda mangoes are more sweeter than Maldah ones. Correct : Zarda mangoes are sweeter than Maldah ones.

hhh