More about matter Matter is composed of small particles (atoms, ions, molecules) These particles are in constant, random motion Particles are constantly colliding with each other.

What are the 4 states or phases of matter? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma  Based on the way particles of matter move, behave and are attracted to each other.

About Solids  Definite shape and definite volume  Particles/Molecules closely packed together  Strong attractive force between particles  Particles constantly vibrating  Particles in a fixed position  LOW energy of particles  Example: ________________

About Liquids  No definite shape but has definite volume  Particles slide past each other  Particles are attracted to each other so they are in contact constantly  Can be poured and take the shape of the container with a flat surface  Moderate energy  Examples: __________

About gases  No definite shape and no definite volume  Particles are not in contact with each other;  Particles move quickly;  Particles take the shape of the container and fill the container, no matter how large;  Volume can be affected/changed by pressure and temperature change  High energy  Examples: _______________

About plasma  Consists of Positively (+) and Negatively (-) charged particles;  Most common state of matter  Found at extremely high temperature such as found in the stars and lighting;  Found on Earth in lightning bolts, neon and fluorescent light bulbs.  When particles collide,  the electrons are stripped away.

How does TEMPERATURE affect the volume of a GAS?  When a gas undergoes a temperature change, the volume changes;  If you increase the temperature – you increase the volume of a gas  If you decrease the temperature – you decrease the volume of a gas  This is CHARLES’ law of gases.

How does PRESSURE affect the volume of a gas?  When a gas undergoes a pressure change, the volume of the gas changes.  If you increase the pressure on a gas, the volume decreases;  If you decrease the pressure on a gas, the volume increases.  This is BOYLES’ law of gases.

How does the graph of Boyle’s law appear?

Look at the graph on the last slide  Which variable is on the x-axis? _____  Which variable is on the y-axis? _____  When the pressure increases, what happens to the volume of the gas? _____  What type of proportion is this? ________

Look at this animation of Boyle’s law %2017/AABXTCZ0.html

How is ENERGY involved in the states of matter?

Temperature and phase change All matter can move from one state to another.

What is a phase diagram?

Identify the names of the phase changes Change from solid into liquid _____________ Change from liquid into solid_____________ Change from liquid into gas_____________ Change from gas into liquid_____________ Change from solid to gas (no liquid) ____________

Identify the state at each “letter”.

What happens to temperature during phase change and why? The temperature is CONSTANT during phase change. The heat supplied is used to pull molecules apart. Heat is added but temperature does not change.

Additional information What is the usual Boiling Point of water? ___ C ° What is the Melting/Freezing Point? ___ C° Would you add or remove heat if you  Melt ice__________  Freeze water__________  Boil water__________  Condense steam__________

New vocabulary terms Adding heat is called ”___thermic” Removing heat is called “___thermic”