Racial/Cultural Identity Development Chapter 5 Racial/Cultural Identity Development Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Racial/Cultural Identity Development Models Created to define processes of identity transformations: Cross (1971) Black Identity Development Sue and Sue (1971) Chinese American Kitano (1982) Japanese American Ruiz (1990) Latino/a American Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Black Identity Development Model From a White to Black frame of reference: Preencounter—Idealize Whites Encounter—Crisis then shift of worldview Immersion-Emersion—Black pride Internalization—New and old identities resolved Internalization-commitment—Social change Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Other Racial/Ethnic Identity Development Models Sue and Sue (1971) Chinese Americans: Traditionalist, Marginal Person, Asian American Kitano (1982) Japanese Americans: Positive-Positive, Negative-Positive, Positive-Negative, Negative-Negative Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Other Racial/Ethnic Identity Development Models (Cont’d) Ruiz (1990) Latino/a Americans: Focus on specific Hispanic cultural groups Marginal status correlated with maladjustment Assimilation destructive to the individual Pride correlated with positive mental health Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Feminist Identity Theory Patriarchy is responsible for women’s problems: Passive acceptance—of traditional gender roles Revelation—that prejudice exists; becomes angry Embeddedness-emanation—develops close relationships with women and finds support Synthesis—positive identity is formed Active Commitment—making societal changes Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

A Working Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model Understand self in relation to: own group, dominant group and the relationship between two groups Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

A Working Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (Cont’d) Conformity—Idealize White society Dissonance—Conflict arises Resistance and Immersion—Guilt, shame, anger at conformity—begins to develop positive self identity Introspection—Feelings intensify—may become rigid Integrative Awareness—Inner sense of security Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)

Social Work Implications of the R/CID Model Sensitize social workers to role that oppression plays in person of color’s development Social worker’s role to extend beyond office Recognition of difference Better prescriptive interventions Potentially changing and developmental nature of cultural identity Multicultural Social Work Practice – Chapter (5)