Innovators in Environment John James Audubon, Thomas Malthus, Roger Tory Peterson, John Muir.

John James Audubon Lived from Lived from Famous for his Birds of America Collection Famous for his Birds of America Collection Contains 435 life size portraits, and other American artists are measured against this collection. Contains 435 life size portraits, and other American artists are measured against this collection.

Thomas Malthus Looked closely at the world population. Looked closely at the world population. Was the first to suggest that the human race has carrying capacity. Was the first to suggest that the human race has carrying capacity. Once a population gets to high the resources will not be able to support them Once a population gets to high the resources will not be able to support them

Roger Tory Peterson (August 28, 1908 – July 28, 1996) (August 28, 1908 – July 28, 1996)August July August July Developed the Peterson Field Guide Developed the Peterson Field Guide Visual descriptions of animals, so that animals were more easily identified Visual descriptions of animals, so that animals were more easily identified

John Muir Famous conservationist Famous conservationist Founded the Sierra Club- one of the most important conservational organizations in the U.S. Founded the Sierra Club- one of the most important conservational organizations in the U.S. Writings influenced the Environmental movement Writings influenced the Environmental movement

Innovators in Disease Jenner, Lister, Pasture, Fleming

Edward Jenner Realized people that contracted cowpox did not contract smallpox Realized people that contracted cowpox did not contract smallpox Took fluid from a cowpox blister and injected it into his son. Took fluid from a cowpox blister and injected it into his son. Vaccine comes from the Latin word for cow Vaccine comes from the Latin word for cow Received first medical research grants Received first medical research grants

Louis Pasteur Developed vaccines for Rabies and Cholera Developed the Pasteurization process 1879 realized that old or weakened cultures of cholera produced an immunity in an individual This process is still used to today to develop vaccines (Flu, Chickenpox)

Joseph Lister Realized a need for better sanitation practices in medicine. Realized a need for better sanitation practices in medicine. Suggested the use of Carbolic acid on bandages and surgical tools. Suggested the use of Carbolic acid on bandages and surgical tools. Developed the first aseptic techniques Developed the first aseptic techniques Considered the “Father of antiseptic surgery” Considered the “Father of antiseptic surgery”

Alexander Fleming Realized that certain body fluids (sweat, tears, and saliva) could kill bacteria. Realized that certain body fluids (sweat, tears, and saliva) could kill bacteria. Discovered the antibacterial properties of penicillin. Discovered the antibacterial properties of penicillin. However found it very difficult to produce penicillin in large quantities. However found it very difficult to produce penicillin in large quantities.

Innovators in DNA Rosalind Franklin, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Walter Sutton, James Watson and Francis Crick, and Michael Crichton.

Rosalind Franklin Famous for a X-ray process that isolated the DNA molecule. Famous for a X-ray process that isolated the DNA molecule. Her results and process were given to Watson and Crick, and enabled them to complete there model of DNA. Her results and process were given to Watson and Crick, and enabled them to complete there model of DNA. Was not awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her part in the discovery of DNA Was not awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her part in the discovery of DNA

Thomas Hunt Morgan Studied how Genes are passed from on generation to another. Studied how Genes are passed from on generation to another. Used fruit flies to study how certain genes are linked to one another. Used fruit flies to study how certain genes are linked to one another. Awarded that Nobel Peace Prize in 1933 Awarded that Nobel Peace Prize in 1933

Walter Sutton Provided evidence that chromosomes carried the cell’s units of inheritance. Provided evidence that chromosomes carried the cell’s units of inheritance. Showed that chromosomes will separate during meiosis Showed that chromosomes will separate during meiosis Discovered that chromosomes contain genes. Discovered that chromosomes contain genes.

James Watson & Francis Crick Developed the correct structure of DNA. Developed the correct structure of DNA. Used a double helix to accomplish this. Used a double helix to accomplish this. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their accomplishments in the field of DNA. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their accomplishments in the field of DNA.

Michael Crichton Author of the book Jurassic Park. Author of the book Jurassic Park. Book used new DNA technology, and cloning to create a story of an island with Dinosaurs. Book used new DNA technology, and cloning to create a story of an island with Dinosaurs.