Earthquakes Around the World U.S. Geological Survey Walter D. Mooney Senior Research Geophysicist USGS, Menlo Park, CA

Seismicity of the World

Plate Tectonic Theory

Global Seismic Hazard Map

Saving Lives through Better Standards. Importance of Engineering Amplification of unconsolidated vs consolidated materials.

Building Safer Structures

Examples of Earthquakes in areas of High Seismic Risk  Bhuj, India, January 26 th 2001  Kocaeli, Turkey, August 17 th 1999  Bam, Iran, December 26 th 2003  Niigata, Japan, October 23 rd 2004  Chi-Chi, Taiwan, 1999  San Francisco, 1906

Bhuj Earthquake, India: Mw = 7.7  Only 0.5% global seismic moment release  Bhuj, India, 2001  lives lost  people injured  nearly houses destroyed

Bhuj, India

Implications for Earthquake Risk from Historical Earthquakes The Izmit Earthquake, Turkey: Mw = 7.4

Izmit Earthquake, Turkey

Regional Tectonics  Over 18,000 deaths  44,000 people injured  Nearly 300,000 homes either damaged or collapsed

The Bam Earthquake, Iran: Mw = 6.6

2003/12/26 Ms6.6 Bam, Iran  15,000 deaths  ~70% buildings destroyed or damaged

Niigata Earthquake, Japan : Mw = 6.6

Niigata Earthquake, Japan

San Francisco Earthquake, 1906

Marina district of San Francisco built on “fill land” after 1906 earthquake

Modified after Lee,1994 and Teng, 1990) 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan: Mw = 7.6

Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan Historic Seismicity with depth