1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Opener #5 - TUESDAY - AUG 23, Compare and contrast independent variable and dependent variables. (Hint: You may look back at the “helicopter” lab sheet on your desk to help you. 2. What was the mnemonic device that can help you remember the variables and how they are graphed in math and science? Explain what each letter stands for. CW: Complete helicopter - “Come Fly With Us” Variables Lab AND TURN IN BOX stapled with group members. CW: Complete the CHECKS activity lab and turn in stapled as group IN BOX. CW: PAP - golf/ramp independent/dependent variables lab started... 7th period - pass in handout sheet homework... HW: Read chapter 1 if you haven’t yet... Note key terms and concepts. Make notes of any items that you did not understand, if any to ask questions...

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach ASSIGNMENTS WEDNESDAY - AUGUST 24, 2011 Log-on to computer and go to the following website: Download Notes using down arrow for section II: Scientific Method. Be in the play mode. Take notes. Complete these activities when the notes tell you to. 1) Active Art Activity about the crickets... (show me then X out) 2) 3 Question Quiz under the Active Art Activity A few more notes on models & safety then you complete 4) the concept map activity after logging onto Phy.science textbook at my.hrw.com 5) take the quiz and show me & ask questions if you do not understand from 1.1 self- quiz, Nature of Science... Pre-AP, you will go on to the notes on displaying data (section IV) - skipping section III in your notes to do later...

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach OPENER #6 - WEDNESDAY - AUGUST 24, Write a hypothesis about how you think a snake detects its prey. 2. Briefly, outline how you might test your hypothesis with a test. (Note, you can be creative with your ideas & wouldn’t necessarily have to be totally practical...) CW: Notes 1.2 Scientific Method & 1.4 Displaying data + computer activities... HW: Variables/Hypothesis handout due tomorrow & paragraph with notes... All labs this week must be turned in by Friday to not lose points or get strike. 1st period - Bring Peanut Butter this week. Have earbuds... SWARM Thursday...7:45 aud. QUIZ Bowl Thursday 3:30 Room next door-Scott

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach You are caught in the rain. Should you run or walk? Maybe you should run–less time in the rain means less water falls down on you. Maybe you should walk–moving slower causes you to run into fewer drops. This is a question that you can try to answer with a scientific approach.

What is the goal of a scientific method? Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach An organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information is called a scientific method. You can use a scientific method to search for the answer to a question. Scientific methods can vary from case to case, depending on the question and how the researcher decides to look for an answer. Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach The goal of any scientific method is to solve a problem or to better understand an observed event. Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them. Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Here is an example of a scientific method. Each step uses specific skills. The order of steps can vary. Sometimes you will use all of the steps and other times only some of them.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Making Observations Scientific investigations often begin with observations. An observation is information that you obtain through your senses. Examples: noticing or hearing the rain, smelling an odor, touching a sharp object, seeing a butterfly, etc. Forming a Hypothesis A hypothesis is a proposed answer to a question. example: I think it is better to walk in the rain or I think it is better to run in the rain. Helicopter examples...

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Testing a Hypothesis In an experiment, any factor that can change is called a variable. The manipulated variable causes a change. (or independent) The responding variable changes in response to the manipulated variable. (or dependent variable) A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable, the manipulated variable, is deliberately changed at a time. Items that remain the same are called constants.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Drawing Conclusions A conclusion describes how facts apply to a hypothesis. Developing a Theory A scientific theory is a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results. Once a hypothesis has been supported in repeated experiments, scientists can begin to develop a theory.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Methods Question: How does speed affect how wet you get in the rain? Hypothesis: The faster your speed, the drier you will stay. Experiment: Test whether speed affects how wet you get in the rain.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach In 1997, two meteorologists conducted a controlled experiment to determine if moving faster keeps you drier in the rain. One scientist walked 100 yards and the other ran the same distance. Variables, such as type of clothes, were controlled. Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach The clothes of the walking scientist accumulated 217 grams of water; the clothes of the running scientist accumulated 130 grams of water. Draw a Conclusion: The scientists concluded that running in the rain keeps you drier. Scientific Methods

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory? Scientific Laws

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach After repeated observations or experiments, scientists may arrive at a scientific law. A scientific law is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature. For example, Newton’s law of gravity is a scientific law that has been verified over and over. Scientists have yet to agree on a theory that explains how gravity works. Scientific Laws

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach A scientific law describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it. The explanation of such a pattern is provided by a scientific theory. Scientific Laws

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach GO TO THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE AND COMPLETE THE ART ACTIVITY.... COMPLETE THE ACTIVE ART ACTIVITY AND THE 3 QUESTION QUIZ ABOUT SCI METHOD. w&x=0&y=0 CONTINUE WITH NOTES AFTER THE ACTIVITY...

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Scientific models make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly. Scientific Models A model is a representation of an object or event. Examples: A street map is a model of a city. Why are scientific models useful?

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach This computer model represents the interior of an airplane. It helps the engineers visualize the layout of the plane. Scientific Models

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Models help you visualize things that are too small to see, such as atoms, or things that are large, such as the solar system. An example of a mental, rather than physical, model might be that comets are like giant snowballs, primarily made of ice. As new data are collected, models can be changed or be replaced by new models. Scientific Models

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Safety plays an important role in science. Laboratory work may involve flames or hot plates, electricity, hot liquids, sharp instruments, poisonous or acidic chemicals, and breakable glassware. Always follow your teacher’s instructions and the textbook or lab directions exactly. Working Safely in Science

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach ACTIVITY SHOW THE WEB SITE: User Name: bryanthigh Student password: student Log-on to computers and check to see if you can get on. Check out the textbook website. *COMPLETE the Activity from chapter 1 with the concept map: “The Sciences”. Show me your reShow me your results... *Complete Quiz from Section 1.1 and show me your results. Go through sample problems with Section 2 and 3 as time allows. Record what you looked at...rough sample problems with Section 2 and 3 as time allows. Record wh

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 1. What is a hypothesis? a. a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature b. a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results c. an experiment in which only one variable is deliberately changed at a time d. a proposed answer to a question

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 1. What is a hypothesis? a. a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature b. a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results c. an experiment in which only one variable is deliberately changed at a time d. a proposed answer to a question ANS:D

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 2. How does a scientific law differ from a theory? a. A scientific law describes observations while a theory provides an explanation. b. A scientific law cannot be changed by additional observations, but a theory can be changed. c. A theory is a possible explanation, but a scientific law is a proven explanation. d. There is no difference because scientific law and theory are two terms that mean the same thing.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 2. How does a scientific law differ from a theory? a. A scientific law describes observations while a theory provides an explanation. b. A scientific law cannot be changed by additional observations, but a theory can be changed. c. A theory is a possible explanation, but a scientific law is a proven explanation. d. There is no difference because scientific law and theory are two terms that mean the same thing. ANS:A

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 3. What is the main purpose of a scientific model? a. to show how a hypothesis was developed b. to prove a theory c. to make complex concepts easier to understand d. to show a large object, such as the Earth, in a smaller form

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 3. What is the main purpose of a scientific model? a. to show how a hypothesis was developed b. to prove a theory c. to make complex concepts easier to understand d. to show a large object, such as the Earth, in a smaller form ANS:C

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 4. If you are not sure how to use a chemical in lab, you should....? a. Assume that it is safe because the school would not allow unsafe chemicals. b. Assume that it is a hazardous chemical because all chemicals are dangerous. c. Ask your teacher or check the procedure to find the correct safety precautions. d. Ask your lab partner whether the chemical is hazardous or not.

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach Assessment Questions 4. If you are not sure how to use a chemical in lab, you should....? a. Assume that it is safe because the school would not allow unsafe chemicals. b. Assume that it is a hazardous chemical because all chemicals are dangerous. c. Ask your teacher or check the procedure to find the correct safety precautions. d. Ask your lab partner whether the chemical is hazardous or not. ANS:C

1.2 Using a Scientific Approach ACTIVITY SHOW THE WEB SITE: User Name: bryanthigh Student password: student 1. Finish helicopter lab questions and turn in box. (SHOW WHERE YOU TURN IN.) Have all partners staple your group pages together when you turn in. 2. Log-on to computers and check to see if you can get on. Check out the textbook website. COMPLETE the Activity from chapter 1 with the concept map: “The Sciences”. Go through sample problems with Section 2 and 3 as time allows. Record what you looked at If time, start CHECKS Activity....