Macromolecules: You are what you eat

Organic vs. Inorganic Organic Molecules: Contains Carbon AND associated with life. Inorganic Molecules: Not associated with life… may, or may not contain carbon

Carbon is cool - It can make up to 4 covalent bonds and fold in all kinds of ways!!

CHNOPS… the main elements that make up your body CHNOPS… the main elements that make up your body!!!! (Carbon; Hydrogen; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Phosphorus; Sulfur)

What are Macromolecules? Nutrients provide the raw materials required for growth, repair and energy for living things. We obtain these nutrients as part of our diet. Some nutrients are required in large amounts to support cellular health, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

4 Types of Macromolecules Carbohydrates: Sugars + Starches Lipids: Fats and Oils Protein: Muscle Tissue Nucleic Acids: Microscopic Genetic Material

Macromolecules Macro means: Molecule: Large Compound formed From 2 or more atom. Many One

Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar Lipids = built from fatty acid & glycerol Glycerol Fatty acid – Proteins = built from amino acids amino acid – Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide

Identify each example according to type of macromolecule. . .

Butter

Chicken Breast

Bread

Fish Filet

Pizza Grease

Corn Syrup

DNA

Digesting Macromolecules gives us energy ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP starch glucose ATP

Any Questions?

Stop & Read through questions in Carbohydrates Work on your own Pg 34–35 AND 44-48

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar

Function of Carbohydrates quick energy energy storage Structure starch

Glucose Monomer Starch Glycogen Cellulose

BIG carbohydrates chitin structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton

Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well? BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew… Chewing cud?

Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides The monomer of carbohydrates is a single sugar with the chemical formula of C6H12O6 These simple sugars are called Monosaccharides All monosaccharides have the same chemical formula, but different shapes. Examples: Glucose Fructose Galactose

Carbohydrates: Disaccharides Disaccharide = Double sugar. They’re made by joining 2 monosaccharides

Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides Polysaccharide = Many sugars This is a long chain of monosaccharides Examples: Starch: Grain Foods Cellulose: Plant fiber

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Nucleic acids: Information molecules 2006-2007

Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material stores information transfers information DNA proteins

Nucleic acids Monomer (building block) = nucleotides sugar N base Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part! phosphate sugar N base

Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer phosphate sugar N base Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer phosphate sugar N base strong bonds phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base RNA

Nucleic Acids Examples DNA RNA RNA

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Concentrated energy molecules That’s One Big Fatty Acid! Lipids Concentrated energy molecules

Lipids Examples fats oils waxes hormones sex hormones testosterone (male) estrogen (female) 2003-2004

Glycerol HEAD Fatty Acid TAIL

Another way to Illustrate Lipids Head Tail 2003-2004

Lipids Function: energy storage cell membrane cushions organs very concentrated twice the energy as carbohydrates! cell membrane cushions organs insulates body think whale blubber!

Other Functions of Lipids in your Body Sex Hormones (Look WAY different than the other lipids… they are in rings). Signals from one body system to another. 2003-2004

Why are some fats solid and others liquid?

Quiz 2003-2004

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Animal (solid) vs. Plant (liquid) 

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Proteins! 2003-2004

Amine

Function of Proteins in Your Body Immune System Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body. 2003-2004

Enzymes Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA. 2003-2004

Messengers Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. … Growth Hormone is a protein! 2003-2004

Structural Component These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move. 2003-2004

Transport and Storage These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body. 2003-2004

Denaturating Proteins Look Mom – I can denature proteins!!! Milk protein separates into curds & whey when it is exposed to acids

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Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM 1:01:30 – Cracking the Code https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IgSDVD4QEc 2003-2004