LVP-VOC Aliphatic Solvents Chris Miano Technical Services Manager Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P Indianapolis, Indiana

LVP-VOC Aliphatic Solvents Dissolve other substances without chemically changing them Inert under conditions of use Act as a carrier for insolubles Aliphatics (normal, acyclic alkane mixtures)

Normal Paraffins Saturated straight chain molecules All four single bonding requirements are met 18 or more carbon atoms solid at room temperature High pour points Low solvency Highest oxidative stability Resistant to oxidation C H

Isoparaffins Branched chain molecules Lower pour point Slightly higher solvency than normal paraffins H H C H H C C H H H C H H

Cyclic Hydrocarbons Naphthenes Aromatics Saturated (Cyclohexane) Low pour point High solvency Lower oxidative stability Aromatics Unsaturated (Benzene) Highest solvency Lowest oxidative stability

Aliphatic Solvent Chemical Composition Complex mixtures of four types of hydrocarbons Normal paraffins (Wax) Isoparaffins (Branched liquid wax) Naphthenes (Saturated ring structures) Aromatics (Unsaturated ring structures) Ratios of each structure affect the properties

Terms Viscosity – measure of oil’s flow characteristics Boiling range – lowest temperature at which a hydrocarbon will boil to point at which it completely vaporizes Kauri-Butanol Value – measures solvency power Specific gravity – ratio of the weight of a given volume of product at 60°F to the weight of an equal volume of water at the same temperature Flash point – minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor is present to ignite if an ignition source is present

Typical Carbon Number Distributions

Straight Run / Hydrotreated Distillates Straight run distillate Hydrotreated distillates Crude D I S Liquified petroleum gas VMP Regular Mineral Spirits Regular 400-500 Solvent 600 Solvent 650 Solvent Residue C4-C5 Iso-C6 n–C6 180-210 195-208 210-245 245-300 (VM&P) 300-360 142 Flash 420-460 450-540 500-600 D I S H T F R A C Crude

LVP-VOC Definition “LVP-VOC” means a chemical “compound” or “mixture” that contains at least one carbon atom and meets one of the following: (A) has a vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg at 20°C, as determined by ARB Method 310; or (B) is a chemical “compound” with more than 12 carbon atoms, or a chemical “mixture” comprised solely of “compounds” with more than 12 carbon atoms, as verified by formulation data, and the vapor pressure and boiling point are unknown; or  (C) is a chemical “compound” with a boiling point greater than 216°C, as determined by ARB Method 310; or (D) is the weight percent of a chemical “mixture” that boils above 216°C, as determined by ARB Method 310. For the purposes of the definition of LVP-VOC, chemical “compound” means a molecule of definite chemical formula and isomeric structure, and chemical “mixture” means a substance comprised of two or more chemical “compounds.”

Food Contact Regulation Compliance 21 CFR 172.884 - Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons 21 CFR 178.3620(b) – Technical Mineral Oil 21 CFR 178.3620(c) – Mineral Oil 21 CFR 178.3570 – Incidental Food Contact Prop 65 / HAPS Compliant

Solvents – Example Applications Food Contact Applications Aluminum Rolling oils (food contact) Adhesives (food contact) Plasticizers (food contact) Household cleaning products Automotive solvents Charcoal lighter fluid Degreasers Lamp oil Mineral seal oil Printing ink and packaging (food contact) EPA Pesticide Inerts (pre- and post-harvest) Water treatment chemicals Drilling fluids (IMPORTANT--not detectable at the EPA Drinking Water MCLs for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) Multitude of FDA, CARB-exempt, EPA VOC-exempt applications

LVP-VOC Applications

Thank you. Questions? Comments? Suggestions?