Properties of matter

Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma in terms of density, compressibility and diffusion. KEY WORDS pure mixture homogeneous heterogeneous physical properties chemical properties

Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume. Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume.

Pure substance Particles that make up a substance are all the same. Mixture Substance contains more than one kind of particle.

Elements Simplest form of matter; an atom is the smallest particle of an element. Compounds Form of matter containing two or more elements chemically bonded together. A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

Heterogeneous mixture - particles in are not evenly distributed and are often distinguishable. Homogeneous mixture - particles of a are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

Matter has two properties: Physical properties: Can be observed without changing the substance's chemical composition. Physical properties: Colour Shiny or dull Brittle or malleable Density Phase (state) Conductivity - heat or current Solubility

2 H2O (l) + 2 Na (s)  2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g) Chemical properties - can be observed or tested only when the substances identity is changed. Flammable Oxidize (rust or tarnish) React with an acid 2 H2O (l) + 2 Na (s)  2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g) H O Na

A physical change involves a change in shape or a change in state of a substance.

A chemical change is when new substances with new properties are formed - chemical reaction. There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction: A change in colour A change in smell (odor) 3. Fizzing or bubbling (releasing gas)

4. A change in energy a. The container feels warmer, heat is released. We call this an exothermic change. (exo = out, therm = heat) b. The container feels cooler, heat is absorbed. We call this an endothermic change. (endo = in, therm = heat)

5. When two clear liquids are mixed, a solid forms or the mixture goes cloudy. This is called precipitate formation.

Diffusion - how easily one substance is able to move through another. Must be little interaction between particles and space for the particles to move. Substances diffuse most easily through gases > liquids > solids

Plasma - a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons. About 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma. (but it is rare on Earth) Examples - aurora borealis, stars and lightning bolts.

Physical property - testable characteristic. Physical change - change in state or shape. Chemical property - can only be tested by changing the identity of the substance. Chemical change - new substances with new properties are formed.