The View from NSF Very Wide Field Surveys in the Light of Astro2010 Space Telescope Science Institute June Nigel Sharp 1

MPS FY 2012 Budget Request Highlights MPS Budget Request Reflects NSF Priorities  Support innovation in healthy core programs  Invest in research addressing national priorities – OneNSF Activities: SEES, CIF21  Advance a strong scientific and technical workforce – CAREER, postdocs, GRF, REU  Support multidisciplinary research – Centers, institutes, and networks  Invest in facilities critical for fundamental research – New Era of Observation; ties into CIF21 MPS Request: $1.43B +$80.89M (+ 6.0% ) 2

Realities of FY 2011 and 2012 Budgets 3 NSF R&RA%/FY10AST%/FY10 FY10 Omnibus$5.62B0.0%$245.7M0.0% FY11 Request$6.02B(+8.0%)$251.8M(+2.5%) FY11 Approp.$5.56B-0.9%???-xx% FY12 Request$6.25B(+12.4%)$249.1M(+1.4%) FY12 Approp.??? Percentages for the FY11 Request are quoted relative to initial FY10 estimates, while percentages for the FY12 Request are quoted relative to FY10 enacted/FY11 CR estimates. FY11 appropriation number includes a 0.2% rescission. 3

Sample Budget Suggestions for Astro2010 1: FY11=0.95*FY10, then 2.5%/yr 2: FY11&12=request, then flat 3: FY11&12=request, then 2.5%/yr 4: FY11&12=request, then 4.5%/yr 5: FY11&12=request, then 6.5%/yr 4

Astro2010 Ramp + Budget Scenarios

Current Astro2010 Plans  Continuing LSST D&D funding, with efforts to move toward PDR and MREFC start (FY14?)  No funding wedge available for mid-scale ­Seeking ways to create budget space  No GSMT commitment in FY12 request  No current budget envelope for initiating the recommended “small” increases, but protecting AAG & ATI near current levels  Pursuing Gemini governance & OIR issues  Planning overall strategic review soon 6

7 Strategic Review Plan  Assess the proper strategic balance within the division in 2015, 2020, and 2025, including all of the program ­Based on science program recommended by Astro2010 ­Specific realizable budget scenarios to be addressed ­Evolution of program also must be realizable ­Any facility decommissioning may require application of significant funding before savings can be achieved  AST working group settling the exact charge and management plan for this strategic review ­Goal of receiving report by mid-2012

ALMA Status 8

9 Improvements over current state of the art: Resolution – ~3X improvement Light grasp – ~8X improvement (solar physics is actually photon starved in some experiments) Technical Specifications: 4-m, off-axis Gregorian (all reflective), alt-az mount. Integrated adaptive optics. Hybrid enclosure with thermal control and dust mitigation. Wavelength sensitivity from microns (near- UV through thermal infrared). Field of view: 3 arcminutes. Angular resolution < 0.03 arcsecond. Polarization accuracy < 0.01%. ATST will be the world’s flagship facility for ground- based solar physics observation and the first large US public-access solar telescope constructed in the past 30 years. ATST—Completion 2018

10 Expanded Very Large Array VLA upgraded through the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) project –$94M: NSF, Canada, Mexico –NSF funding > 2011 –Scheduled for completion in 2012, on time and on budget –Same number of antennas. –All-new telescope electronics. Continuous frequency coverage from 1–50 GHz Exceedingly capable Canadian correlator –Array data transmission via fiber optics. Shared-risk science now

Antarctic Astrophysics South Pole Telescope operations funded into 2012 Various smaller-scale astronomy projects Operation of IceCube Neutrino Observatory 11

 Move beyond the very successful NVO (international standards, software, data mining support, user interfaces, etc.) to a real astronomical observatory NSF/NASA - Virtual Astronomical Observatory  “Just another observatory” where a wealth of detail is covered (hidden?) by the word “just”  VAO, LLC preliminary certification to receive federal funding agreed by NSF business office; NSF award made, May 2010; NASA contribution funded through existing centers  Strong link with Microsoft Research, World Wide Telescope product  Research is being enabled – notable publications at 12

The Dark Energy Survey  Study Dark Energy using four complementary* techniques:  I. Cluster Counts  II. Weak Lensing  III. Baryon Acoustic Oscillations  IV. Supernovae  Two multiband surveys:  5000 deg 2 g, r, i, Z,Y to i~24  9 deg 2 repeat (SNe)  Build new 3 deg 2 camera and Data Management system  DES 30% of 5 years of telescope  Response to NOAO AO  DES Forecast: FoM up by 4.6 Blanco 4-meter at CTIO *in systematics & in cosmological parameter degeneracies *geometric+structure growth: test Dark Energy vs. Gravity 13

LSST - four main science goals Dark Energy and Dark Matter The structure of our Galaxy An inventory of the Solar System Transient events 40Tb = 10-year Sloan, every night 10-year prime mission 50, ,000 transients per night – many per second Total $563M in as-spent, then-year dollars (FY14 start: NSF $392M, DOE $132M, private $39M) 10 years at $40.5M (FY11), ~$600M in then-year dollars 14

Citizen Science Exploit Human Computation −It takes a person to interpret a complex image Novel data collection: –Citizen Science = Volunteer Science –e.g., Volunteer Geographic Information –e.g., Galaxy Citizen science: the involvement of volunteer non- professionals in the research enterprise. The experience must be engaging, must work with real scientific data and information, must address authentic science research questions that are beyond the capacity of science teams and enterprises, and must involve the scientists. 15

Concluding Remarks  Astronomy funding in the U.S. is healthy, and will support a robust program  In the context of a budget that does not increase, any new initiatives will require decommissioning, or creative use, of existing facilities  It will be essential that we make the most effective scientific use of public, private, and international facilities 16