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Solo disfunzione diastolica?
Cut-off Sm 4.4 cm/sec Cut-off EF 50 % Approximately one half of patients with DHF and another one seventh with DD had subnormal mean SM. Yu CM, Circulation 2002
Carlsson M Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol % of Stroke Volume is related to AVPD, the remaining 40% is determined by radial function
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Arterial-Ventricular Coupling: Role of the Stiffness Vlacahopoulos C, Cardiology 2010
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Longitudinal strain and torsion assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking correlate with the serum level of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, a marker of myocardial fibrosis, in patients with hypertension Kang SJ. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21: Longitudinal strain Twist “MOLECULAR Imaging”
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In HFpEF patients, moderate exercise leads to a steep increase in proximal afterload that is understimated at rest and is associated with unfavorable ventricular-arterial coupling and exrecise intolerance.
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