Terrorism – what is it?! Terrorism Global War on Terrorism (2001-now) Lesson #4

TERRORISM – a definition Destructive actions meant to create dramatic fear and to shift political support for a cause Usually violent Considered illegal They usually target innocent people (civilians) Terrorists usually say they are fighting for a bigger cause

Civilian Targets

Suicide Bombing

Terrorists can act alone…

… or with a group

A quick history of Terrorism AD - Romans attacked by people they controlled “terrorism” first used by French Revolutionaries to scare French people to stay “with” the revolution Terrorism is usually used by people who feel they are oppressed, and have no other means of getting attention for their cause

Terrorism in recent times IRA in Ireland Palestinians in Israel

Increase in attacks

Terrorism in America Ted Kaczynski, the "Unabomber" Nationwide bombing campaign Between 1978 and 1995 Opposed modern technology, industrialization Mailed and planted homemade bombs killing three people; injuring 23 others. Went to Harvard at age 16 Was guinea pig in stress experiments Earned PhD in math from Mich. age 25, UC Berkeley Quit Recluse in Montana Sent 16 bombs in 17 years In prison for life

American Terrorist Timothy McVeigh Oklahoma City bombing Detonated a truck bomb next to Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Killed 168 people and injured over 600 Found guilty Executed quickly (four years) He hoped to inspire a revolt against what he considered to be a tyrannical federal government.

Foreign terrorist in America, WTC 1993 Ramzi Yousef World Trade Center bomber, 1993 Car bomb - detonated below North Tower 1,500 lb (680 kg) bomb intended kill 250,000 people It failed, but killed six people and injured 1,042 Yousef sent letter to New York Times after the bombing: The bombing was “in response for the American support to Israel," And he hoped to show Americans the pain they caused to the Japanese in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Foreign terrorist, WTC 1993 Ramzi Yousef "Yes, I am a terrorist, and proud of it as long as it is against the U.S. government and Israel, because you are more than terrorists; you are the one who invented terrorism and using it every day. You are butchers, liars and hypocrites." Sentenced to 240 yrs in prison Yousef prayed almost every hour Made many attempts to convert Cellmates on "Bomber's Row." Timothy McVeigh Ted Kaczynsk Yousef reportedly converted to Christianity in 2005.

Our first real attack of TERRORISM in America: 9-11 attack Americans were confused Most had no idea anyone was mad at us Most Americans wanted revenge AMERICANS WERE ANGRY AT All of the MIDDLE EAST All MUSLIMS

Where did terrorists come from? Small in number Mostly made up of VERY loyal Muslims Most just want “Western” things out of Middle East Problem: we depend on Middle Eastern Oil

9-11 (Sept. 11, 2001) New York city World Trade Center Became known as “GROUND ZERO” Click- Is Islam Dangerous? 17 min

What is the history of terrorism? click

Anti-Terrorism Measures

Anti-Terrorism Goal – prevent terrorism Prepare and defend ourselves from them React to them after they attack – keep others safe Counter-Terrorism Goal – defeat terrorism Deny them the ability to attack Find and attack terrorists to eliminate them EXAMPLE: AIRPORT SECURITY EXAMPLE: TRACK DOWN TERRORIST RING & DESTROY

Counter Terrorism Measures

Goal of War on Terror 1.Find terrorists 2.Deny terrorists funds 3.Destroy terrorist networks

Purpose of troops in Afghanistan Remove Al Qaeda terrorists Taliban government fought our efforts New goal: remove Taliban government US Troop became advisors at end of 2014

Click- War on Terror

Modern History of Terrorism Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare. – Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently random/unpredictable violence by an weak military against a stronger military to gain advantage. (Allen, 1997). – The key of Asymmetric warfare is using unexpected, unconventional tactics in combat (Craig, 1998). Arthur H. Garrison

Prevention of Terrorism Primary prevention: – Education!!! – Understand the differences in cultures, religions, beliefs and human behaviors – Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “my group of people” – Eliminate the root of terrorism

Prevention of Terrorism Secondary prevention: – Establish surveillance and monitoring system on terrorism attack – Improve protective system for citizens

Prevention of Terrorism Tertiary prevention – Early detection of the sources – Prevent the extension of impairments – Rescue the survivors – Console the rest of the population

Types of Terrorism Domestic terrorism involves groups whose terrorist activities are directed at elements of our government without foreign involvement. Oklahoma City is a primary example. International terrorism involves groups whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the United States. Sept. 11 is an example of International Terrorism. the Center for National Security Studies

Methods of Terrorism Firearms Explosive and Incendiary Devices Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon

From Emergency Net NEWS Archives, 1994 Document Courtesy of the U.S. Postal Inspector's Office Suspicious Thing to Look for

Death Rate of Various Causes in 2000 USA and that from Terrorism Heart disease*One in 400 Cancer *One in 500 Cerebrovascular diseases*One in 2,000 Accidents *One in 3,000 Diabetes*One in 4,000 Suicide*One in 10,000 Homicide*One in 20,000 Terrorism in 2001One in 100,000 Terrorism in 1990’sOne in 50,000,000

Why did terrorism draw considerable attention in 2001? The risk of dying from terrorism was extremely low in 1990’s, and was still relatively low compared with some diseases in 2001 But the death rate increased by 500 times in 2001 due to Sept. 11 Overall the death rate of terrorism has not been high Despite the low risk, shock, surprise and fear engulfed the United States and world

Conclusion Terrorism is unlawful act Terrorism has a long history of being used to achieve political, religious and ideological objectives Terrorism can be conducted through firearms, explosive devices and biological, chemical, nuclear materials Even through the events of 2001,the risk of dying from terrorism has remained much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.