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Autotrophs (auto = self) use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

Heterotrophs do NOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?

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Carbohydrates (Sugar/Starches) Lipids (Fats) Proteins Water, vitamins and minerals are NOT a source of energy, BUT are also necessary for an organism to function Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes

Minerals and Vitamins These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes. Minerals: (not made by living things) Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teeth Iron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen. Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in muscle and nerve fibers Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin

Food’s Pathway to Energy Does your body get the same thing from every type of nutrient?

Carbohydrates Energy rich C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other – Starch – potatoes, rice – Cellulose – make up plant cell walls Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy

Lipids (Fats) Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates Store energy Protect internal organs Insulate the body

Proteins For tissue growth and repair (muscle!) (brain) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Can be used for energy, but not as typical

Lipid Molecules (Fats) Protein molecule Carbohydrate molecule (Sugar)

The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy 1.How is the food you just put in your mouth being broken down so your cells can actually use it as energy? 2. Once it is small enough to be used by a cell what happens on the cellular level?

HOMEWORK: Please read the label, illustrate product (hand drawn or clip art) and complete the required form for the following: 2 beverages 1 meat product 2 snacks 1 frozen food 2 canned foods 2 boxed foods

NUTRITION FACTS Serving Size: Servings Per Container: Amount Per Serving Calories _____ Calories from Fat ______ % Daily Value Total Fat _______ _______ % Saturated Fat _______ _______ % Trans Fat ______ _______ % Cholesterol _______ _______ % Sodium _______ _______ % Total Carbohydrates ________ _______ % Dietary Fiber _____________ _______ % Sugars ________ _______ % Protein _________ _______ % Vitamins &/or Minerals Present: ____________________________________________