America Before Columbus The Civilizations of the South Incan and Aztec Empires The Civilizations of the North Hunting and Gathering Cahokia Gender Relations Iroquois Women Secotan Village, 1585

Commerce and Nationalism European Population Growth Black Death and Feudalism Growth of Cities and Towns Merchant Class Renaissance Rise of Monarchies/Nation States Trade and Exploration Portugal and Prince Henry Christopher Columbus Columbus’ First Voyage Ferdinand Magellan Circumnavigation of the Globe Marco Polo Leaves for the Far East “Following the Light of the Sun, we left the Old World.” -Christopher Columbus “The church says that the Earth is flat, but I have seen the shadow on the moon and I have more faith in the shadow than in the church.” - Ferdinand Magellan

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 The Spanish Empire “Conquistadores” Spain’s Northern Outposts St. Augustine and Santa Fe Assimilation and Accommodation Columbian Exchange Beneficial and catastrophic Exchanges Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination European Exploration and Conquest,

Forced migration of labor... Crops Livestock Technology Disease De Soto in North America

Africa and America Trade States of West Africa Matrilineal Societies African Slavery Slave Trade Incessant demand for labor in the New World Plantation Economies European Slavery By Birth Racialized Traders Portuguese Dutch English Capital and the Industrial Revolution

Martin Luther 95 Theses – 1517 Justification by Faith Authority of the Scriptures John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559) Sola Scriptura -the Bible "alone" Predestination The Elect and success Henry VIII Act of Supremacy 1534 Anglican Church Debate over purifying the church “Free will does not enable any man to perform good works, unless he is assisted by grace; indeed, the special grace which the elect alone receive through – John Calvin

Mercantilism Amassing national wealth Controlling Trade- Tariffs and Duties Favorable Balance of Trade (Surplus vs. Deficits) Colonies as a source of raw materials Spain: Gold, Silver, Sugar, Tobacco England: Tobacco, Indigo, Rice, Lumber, Sugar France: Fur Dutch: Fur

Stuart Dynasty James I Absolutism Charles I Parliament and the Power of the Purse Religion Elizabeth’s Truce Puritan’s Complaints Archbishop Laud Great Migration The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Puritan Commonwealth Mercantilism Ascendant Restoration Charles II Glorious Revolution 1689 William and Mary English Bill of Rights John Locke- 2 nd Treatise on Civil Government "WE STUDY THE GLORY OF GOD, AND THE HONOUR AND LIBERTY OF PARLIAMENT, FOR WHICH WE UNANIMOUSLY FIGHT, WITHOUT SEEKING OUR OWN INTERESTS...“ - Oliver Cromwell War and Restoration

Incentives for Colonization Scarce Land Mercantilism Religious Motives for Colonization The English Reformation Puritan Separatists Lessons of Irish Colonization The First English Settlements $ Failed Colony of Roanoke 1585 $ Jamestown 1607  Plymouth 1620

The French in America Quebec 1608 Traders, Trapper s and Missionaries Few Dissenters Few women The Dutch in America New Amsterdam 1625 Dutch East India Company Dutch West India Company Traders... New Amsterdam Preacher in Period Dress

Financing Colonization King’s Grants /Charters Joint Stock Companies Virginia Company The Early Chesapeake Jamestown’s Early Ordeal John Smith Powhatan Confederation Pocahontas Lord De La Warr The “Starving Time” "Now we worked so harmoniously that in three months we made three or four cases of tar, pitch, and soap ashes, produced some glass, made a well in the fort..., built some twenty houses, re-roofed our church, provided nets and seines for fishing; and built a blockhouse in the neck of our peninsula.” -John Smith Chapter Two: Transplantations and Borderlands

Reorganization and Expansion The Tobacco Economy John Rolfe Continuing Labor Issues The “Headright System” Birth of American Slavery 1619 House of Burgesses 1619 Demise of the Virginia Company Virginia becomes a Royal Colony 1624 The Early Chesapeake The Non-Indian Population of the Chesapeake, The Growth of the Chesapeake,

Plymouth Plantation Holland and The Scrooby Separatists Non-Conforming Separatists Plymouth Founded 1620 Mayflower Compact Theocracy Pilgrim-Indian Interaction Samoset and Tisquantum (Squanto) The Massachusetts Bay Experiment 1630 Massachusetts Bay Company Jonathan Winthrop “City on a Hill” Great Migration 20,000 “But about the 16th of March, a certain Indian came boldly amongst them and spoke to them in broken English, which they could well understand but marveled at it. At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but belonged to the eastern parts where some English ships came to fish... his name was Samoset.” - William Bradford The Growth of New England “For we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.” - John Winthrop

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut First written constitution in the New World Theocracy Roger Williams’ Dissent Rhode Island Separation of church and state Anne Hutchinson Antinomian Heresy Maine and New Hampshire The Growth of New England, The Growth of New England

Settlers and Natives Land Religion Conflict tribes Wampanoags Pequots Narragansett Mohegan The Pequot War 1637 King Philip’s War 1675 Metacomet Great Swamp Massacre A Pequot Village Destroyed The Growth of New England The Non-Indian Population of New England,

Maryland 1632 George Calvert Religious haven for English Catholics... Protestant migrants “Act Concerning Religion” 1649 Meant to protect the Catholics Class Issues in Maryland Modeled on Virginia “Forasmuch as in a well Governed and Christian Commonwealth matters Concerning Religion & the honour of God ought in the first place to be taken into serious Consideration and endeavoured to be settled…” - “Act Concerning Religion” The Early Chesapeake

Bacon’s Rebellion Sir William Berkeley Virginia’s Royal Governor Established a Boundary for “White” Settlement “Backcountry” Resentment Nathaniel Bacon Member of the “Gentry” Leads the “Rabble” against the Tidewater Gentry Consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion New Slave Codes Decline of Indentured Servitude The Early Chesapeake “But I thank God, there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we shall not have these hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against the best government. God keep us from both.” - Sir William Berkeley

The Carolinas 1663 and 1665 Anthony Ashley Cooper Proprietors Fundamental Constitution for Carolina John Locke Elitist/Aristocratic Document Close Ties with the Caribbean Carolina Divided 1729 New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey New Amsterdam Seized 1674 Unequal wealth and power – Class again Patroons New Jersey Founded 1702 The Founding of Georgia Oglethorpe’s Philanthropic Mission The Restoration Colonies

The Navigation Acts The Dominion of New England Lords of Trade Sir Edmund Andros The “Glorious Revolution” Dominion of New England Abolished “Leislerians” and “Anti-Leislerians” Growing Participation in the Imperial System The Development of Empire