Doing your literature review: an overview Katy Jordan Librarian, Social & Policy Sciences Library & Learning Centre

Outline of session What is a literature review? Why review the literature? Identifying the literature - where do you start? Searching the literature Online indexes Statistical sources Subject gateways Sourcing the documents Reading – getting the gist Evaluating what you read A good literature review… More help and guidance Exercise

What is a literature review? “… a systematic…method for identifying, evaluating and interpreting the …work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners.” FINK, A., Conducting literature research reviews: from paper to the internet. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage., p.3.

Why review the literature? “…without it you will not acquire an understanding of your topic, of what has already been done on it, how it has been researched, and what the key issues are.” HART, E., Doing a literature review: releasing the social science research imagination, by E. Hart and M. Bond. London: Sage., p.1.

Identifying the literature – where do you start? 1.Define your research area Essay/dissertation title Break this down into key areas Choose search terms (keywords) that express those areas This will be your search strategy Example Dissertation: An examination of incidences of sex discrimination among employees of the University of Bath Key areas: GENDER ISSUES and WORKPLACE ISSUES and DISCRIMINATION Search terms: gender AND workplace AND discrimination

Identifying the literature – where do you start? 2.What sort of literature will there be? Journal articles – print and online Conference papers – print and online Monographs (books) Dictionaries/encyclopaedia entries – print and online Reports – print and online Theses and dissertations – at Bath and elsewhere Statistics – print and online ‘Grey literature’ – print and online discussion lists/online forums The type of literature will dictate to some extent which sources of information you will need to search.

Identifying the literature – where do you start? 3.Choose your sources of information Sources of information for social sciences Resources for your subject Examples For journal articles Web of Knowledge SSCI International Bibliography of the Social Sciences For books – COPAC For theses – Library catalogue; Index to Theses For reports and grey literature – SOSIG For statistics – UK statistics site, Eurostat, Library statistics collection, ESDS

Searching the literature Sample searches Web of Knowledge COPAC UK Statistics SOSIG

Source your documents From an online index Available online? – click on Links button Available in Library? – click on Links button OR if your online index doesn’t have the Links button Available online? – check the A-Z of e-journals Available in Library? – check the Library catalogue IF your document is not online or in the Library Use Inter-Library Loans to get a photocopy or borrow a book from the British Library

Reading - getting the gist Check the introduction, conclusion, abstract or executive summary for the main points Check contents pages of books and reports – pick out relevant chapters/sections Use the index of books or reports First or last sentences of paragraphs often summarise

Evaluating what you read Think about… Relevance to your topic Intended audience Currency of the information Coverage of the topic that the information provides Accuracy of the information Authority of the author or information source Level of objectivity of the author

Record your sources Download references from online indexes Keep systematic notes of the full records – use A guide to citing references This will form the basis of your bibliography for your dissertation A good method is bibliographic software – the SORTED programme offers training in Reference manager Endnote Keep a note of the content of each document e.g. ‘Includes discussion of the idea of originality in postgraduate research projects.’

A good literature review… Goes beyond simply listing relevant literature Is a critical essay Refers to the bibliography at the end of your dissertation Assesses the range of literature available Is a critical summary of the literature Examines the background against which your own research is set Forms a significant section of your dissertation

A good literature review… Offers opinions and personal response to the different writings Relates different writings to each other, compares and contrasts Does not take the literature at face value Shows an awareness of the theories and values that underpin the research Uses particular language: authors assert, argue, state, conclude, contend

More help and guidance Books on social science research techniques at Resources for your subject A guide to citing references Your librarian in L5.01 Your dissertation supervisor

Exercise Choose your research area and pick your search terms Use different sources to find ONE example of each type of literature in your subject area:- Journal article Monograph (book) Report Thesis/dissertation HINT: Use Resources for your subject Note down the bibliographic reference for each document HINT: use A guide to citing references How would you get access to each document? Access online? Find in University library Use Inter-Library Loans?