9 Weeks Test Review
Aristotle--- was the first to place living things into categories according to where they lived and if they had “blood”
LINNAEUS Linnaeus--- the “Father of Taxonomy” He came up with the two word naming system called binomial nomenclature
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Binomial nomenclature---the two word naming system (Genus species)
TAXONOMY Taxonomy – the science of how living things are classified
YOU What is your scientific name? Homo sapiens What does it consist of? Genus and species How to write it correctly?Homo sapiens
LEVELS List the major levels of classification from highest/broadest to lowest/most specific Domain-Kingdom- Phylum-Class- Order-Family- Genus-Species Dumb king phillip chased old fat girl scouts
DOMAINS 3 Domains and characteristics of each 1Archaea – unicellular organisms that can live in harsh conditions; Prokaryotes 2Bacteria – unicellular organisms that are also Prokaryotes 3Eukarya – unicellular and multicellular Eukryotes
ANIMALS Characteristics of the animal kingdom – Animals are multicellular – many cells, heterotrophic (eat food), eukaryotes (have a nucleus)
HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis – a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question Will more chocolate chips make cookies taste better?
Experiments Controlled experiment - An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time
Controlled Variable. Controlled Variable – the variables that are not changed in an experiment
Operational Variable Operational Variable – how to measure a variable or define a term.
Manipulated or Independent Variable 3. Manipulated Variable – the only variable that is changed in an experiment – ex – chocolate chips!
Responding Variable Responding Variable – the factor that may change as a result of the manipulated variable EX - TASTE
CLASSIFYING Classifying – placing into groups based on criteria
Observing Observation – using your senses
Types of Observations Quantitative vs. qualitative observations – numbers vs no numbers
Homeostasis Allows organisms to maintain stable conditions!
THE ODDS & ENDS KINGDOM Cilia---Hairlike structures Used for movement/locomotion by some bacteria and protists PARAMECIUM Contractile vacuoles (some are star shaped)
Pseudopods Pseudo pods---false feet Used for movement/locomotion by Amoebas
Flagella Flagellum--- long whip like structures Used for movement by Euglena Flagellum!
DNA What is found in nucleus of cell? DNA – the genetic material Where is genetic material of a bacteria cell found? Loose in the cytoplasm
Virus 5. Draw and label the structure of a virus
How Viruses Multiply Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply, leading to the quick death of the invaded cells. - Viruses
Virus How are viruses like parasites?they harm the host Viruses can REPRODUCE like living things, but are not alive!
Bacteria Shapes Shapes of Bacteria--- spirilla (spiral), Cocci (spherical), and Bacilli (rod- shaped)
Sexual Reproduction Draw and explain conjugation Sexual reproduction in which genetic material is exchanged between 2 parents. The offspring is more genetically different than those produced by binary fission
Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Asexual reproduction in which a cell splits and the offspring is identical to the parent
Eukaryotic cells Animal Cells are which type? Eukaryotic cells What is their outer covering?cell membrane
PRODUCER Producer – An organism that is at the base of the food chain that makes their own food. THE PRODUCERS HAVE THE MOST ENERGY IN THE FOOD PYRAMID AND WEB!
Consumers Consumer – An organism that cannot make their own food and must eat producers or other consumers
Definitions Prokaryotes – no true nucleus Eukaryotes – have a nucleus Autotrophs – make their food (producers) Heterotrophs – eat food (consumers
Biology Biology – The study of living things
CELLS Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – many cells