Fig. 11-1: Applications of optical amplifiers

Fig. 11-2: Generic optical amplifier

Fig. 11-3: Amplifier gain versus power

Fig. 11-4: Erbium energy-level diagram

Fig. 11-5: EDFA configurations

Fig. 11-6: Gain versus EDFA length

Fig. 11-7: Gain versus pump level

Fig. 11-8: Output versus wavelength

Fig : EDFA Noise Figure

Fig : SNR degradation

Fig a: Gain-flattened EDFA-A

Fig b: Gain-flattened EDFA-B

Fig : Passive gain control

Fig : Wavelength conversion