Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion ( ) J.A.SACCO

“Manifest Destiny” “Manifest Destiny” Manifest Destiny had an immense impact on the expansion of the U.S.. Manifest Destiny had an immense impact on the expansion of the U.S..  Texas  Caused the start of the Mexican War and gained the SW of the U.S.. War and gained the SW of the U.S..  Oregon  California Conestoga Wagon

“Manifest Destiny” American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

“Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

“Manifest Destiny” Manifest Destiny Costs?Benefits? Sen. Thomas Corwin Pres. James K. Polk Primary Sources?

After Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico looking to create a buffer zone between the population of Mexico in the south and the Apache and Comanche tribes in the North. Causes of the Texas Revolution Apache Comanche

To create a buffer, Mexico invites Americans into the region south of the native Americans to act as a buffer. Colonization Laws ( ) Cheap land for American settlers 10 year exemption of taxes Americans must become Mexican citizens, follow Mexican law, and convert to Roman Catholicism The Colonization of Texas

To facilitate colonization, the Mexican government grants land agents (empresarios) to organize American settlers in Texas. Stephen Austin most famous. Founded Washington-on-the- Brazos. By the 1830’s had 1,500 Americans in Texas. National Colonization Act Stephen Austin

“Texas at Fever Pitch” Mexicans Spanish Roman Catholic Santa Anna-Dictator Anti-slavery laws Americans English Protestant Federal-Republic when living in U.S.. Use to democracy. “King Cotton”/slavery What were the differences between the Mexican government and the American colonists that caused tension between the two?

1830- Mexican government forbid future American colonization into Texas. Land grants suspended by Mexican government on American settlement in Texas Mexico forbid future importation of slaves into Texas. Tax on all imports to discourage trade with the U.S. Reaction and Revolution

Stephen Austin acts as President for Texas Convention. Asks that Texas become a new Mexican state with a new constitution for Texas. Mexico denies offer and Austin sends word to Texans to prepare for war. Letter is intercepted and Austin is thrown in jail without trial until Reaction and Revolution

Santa Anna- Dictator of Mexico Santa Anna renounces the Mexican Constitution of 1824 and pledges to crush Texas revolution. Peace is impossible Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

The Texas Revolution ( ) Key to Texan success in the revolution was to give Sam Houston time to raise an army and defeat Santa Anna. Sam Houston

Col. William TravisDavy CrockettJim Bowie The Alamo (March 1836) Heroes of the Alamo

180 men held the Alamo for 13 days. Gave Houston precious time to raise an army. Two weeks later the Battle of Goliad gave the Texans additional time. The Alamo (March 1836) The last stand of Davy Crockett

The Battle of San Jacinto (April 21,1836) Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna Santa Anna forced to sign Treaty of Valasco Texas becomes independent but Mexico does not recognize its freedom

Texas asks for immediate annexation by the U.S. in 1836 U.S. Refuses- Why? Jackson does not recommend annexation in fear of greater tension between North and South Not want to risk war with Mexico However did recognize Texas as an independent nation The United States and Texas