Warm-up Quiz

1. What does nullification mean?

2. What did Jay’s Treaty accomplish?

3. What was the purpose of the Alien & Sedition Acts?

4. What did the U.S. gain in Pinckney’s Treaty?

Jefferson’s Administration

Why do we accept the result of presidential elections?

Election of 1800 Very nasty campaign; Federalists say Jefferson will bring revolution, D-R say Adams wants to make himself king. Jefferson ties with his own VP candidate Aaron Burr Congress has to decide; Hamilton tells Federalists to pick Jefferson How will Federalists respond to losing power? OR

Election of 1800 was the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing parties Jefferson inaugurated in new capital.

Midnight Appointments Just before Jefferson’s inauguration Federalists enlarge the courts so they can appoint Federalist judges Kept control of judicial branch Most important was new Chief Justice John Marshall

Bad blood…. Burr later kills Hamilton in a duel. Hamilton had called Burr a “dangerous man…not to be trusted” Turns out he was right Burr later accused of treason & exiled after he tried to engineer the secession of Western states

Early Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall expanded the power of the federal government Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of judicial review – the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional.

Jefferson tried to use impeachment to remove Federalist judge Samuel Chase but failed Discouraged future administrations from fighting judiciary w/impeachment

Conflict in North Africa Barbary States in North Africa had been capturing U.S. ships Washington and Adams paid for protection (since British no longer protected us), but the pirates raised the price on Jefferson

Barbary Wars – Navy and Marines fight back Barbary Wars – Navy and Marines fight back. They blockade Tripoli & eventually pirates give up.

Jefferson wants farm economy Where will he look for more land?

France is in turmoil Continued conflict in Europe French lose Haiti. Napoleon agrees to sell Louisiana for $15 million Role of Adams (avoided war w/France) & Hamilton (we borrow $15 mil from British)

Strict or Loose Construction? Constitution doesn’t authorize the President to buy land

Louisiana Purchase Doubles the size of the U.S. Secures the Mississippi for American farmers in west We own New Orleans.

Lewis & Clark Sent to explore new territory (helped by Sacajawea) Secured claim to Oregon & focused nation on westward expansion.

French and British continue to fight in Europe U.S. getting rich off of trade with French colonies in Caribbean

The Empire Strikes Back British keep impressing U.S. sailors What about our Navy? Jefferson disliked professional military; he had put most of the navy in storage. Storing the navy works as long as others respect our neutrality, but British/French see Jefferson as weak. French start to seize our merchant ships also. Still LOTS of money to be made, so American merchants risk it.

Then the British attack a U.S. warship U.S.S. Chesapeake attacked by a British frigate British seize four sailors – one British, three American. Americans are furious, but Jefferson is a pacifist. How does he avoid conflict?

Embargo Act of 1807 Ends trade with ALL foreign nations. British & French ignore it (they only respect military force) but it devastates the American economy New Englander -- “Like cutting one’s throat to cure a nosebleed” Next president (Madison) removes embargo.

France and Great Britain keep on fighting…

Revolution of 1800 Posters In groups of 2-3 you will create campaign posters for the Election of 1800 Posters must address the positions of the parties on the following issues and use NO WORDS except for the name of the party. They must be creative and come up with symbols/drawings/pictures to illustrate the basic principles of each party

Revolution of 1800 Posters Posters must address the positions of the parties on the following issues and use NO WORDS except for the name of the party. Economic vision Type of central gov. (Limited or strong) Who should run the gov. Foreign relations Position on the National Bank Strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution Candidate Political party