Ch. 7.2 “Rise of Industrialism” Vocabulary Industrialism –Economy based on manufacturing rather than agriculture; U.S.- machines, factories, mines and RR. National market –Network of RR’s turned the country into a national market—products could be transported from region to region. Merger –Combining of several competing firms under a single head. Many people in the U.S felt that firms merging would make the market more stable. Led by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration –Merger of competing companies in one area of business. (i.e. Rockefeller’s oil corporation( look at chart on page 209. Vertical integration –A firm would strive to control all aspects of production from acquisition of raw materials to final delivery of finished products. (i.e. Andrew Carnegie) look at chart on page 209.

Ch. 7.2 “Rise to Industrialism” people Andrew Carnegie –Scottish born, who made his fortune in the U.S. in the RR and oil business. A philanthropist who gave millions to worthy causes at the time of his death. (Vertical integration) Thomas Edison –An American inventor who had patented more than 1,000 inventions in his Menlo Park laboratory. (incandescent light bulb, electrical power distribution) John D. Rockefeller –Became a pioneering figure in the merger movement; monopolized the oil industry with Standard Oil. (Horizontal integration) J.P. Morgan –Bought Carnegie’s steel company in 1901 to form U.S. Steel Corporation; controlling 60% of American steel production. Jane Addams –A progressive reformer who believed it was not enough to receive charity from only the wealthy to help with the growing populations problems.

Review the Rise of Industrialism; Ch. 7.2 in the U.S. Industry –From farms to Heavy industry —RR, steam engine, farm tractors w/ resources -- iron ore, coal –Tech boom– Edison inventions—need for copper—electric power, telephone, telegraph, camera, typewriter, iron, steel ships, etc. National Market – –Refrigerated RR cars – Gustavus Swift-cattle dealer, meat cold-slaughter in west, vegetables, fruits, better diet for nation. –Consumerism- more goods-cheaper prices, fixed prices, chandeliers, charge accounts, etc. Big business – chart 209 –Horizontal integration- John D. Rockefeller —all aspects of production –Vertical integration – Andrew Carnegie – raw, production, distribution Gilded Age / social Darwinism –Robber barons- wealthy-lavish mansions- –Social Darwinism- explain the evolution of human society- the weak will fall and strong survive. –Rich helped the less fortunate –Andrew Carnegie —gave millions to help the less fortunate –Jane Addams —settlement house—Hull House to help the less fortunate