Technical Innovation and National System Richard R. Nelson Nathan Rosenberg Innovation and Technology Transfer Perform by: Duarte Trindade; Pedro Leal Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Wednesday, 16 December 2015Wednesday, 16 December 2015Wednesday, 16 December 2015Wednesday, 16 December 2015

Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Innovation and Technology Transfer National Innovation Systems Concept Innovation: “the first firm to bring a new product to market, is frequently not the firm that ultimately captures most of the economic rents associated with the innovation” – Innovation capability is tied by economic performance Innovation: “the first firm to bring a new product to market, is frequently not the firm that ultimately captures most of the economic rents associated with the innovation” – Innovation capability is tied by economic performance System: “a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance of national firms” System: “a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance of national firms” National: National:

Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Innovation and Technology Transfer The Intertwining of Science and Technology Science as Leader and Follower Science as Leader and Follower - Electricity – incandescent light, telephone, gramophone - Steam Engine – New field of Thermodynamics (Carnot’s Cycle) The Science and Technology function in a interactive spiral of positive feedbacks The Science and Technology function in a interactive spiral of positive feedbacks

Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Innovation and Technology Transfer The Intertwining of Science and Technology The limits of Science, learning by trying, and cumulative incremental technology advance The limits of Science, learning by trying, and cumulative incremental technology advance - McDonnell Douglas example - Most industrial R&D expenditures are on products that have long been in existence – such aircraft, automobiles, etc. - The advance of technology goes hand in hand with the advance of science

Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Innovation and Technology Transfer Systems of Innovation Universities State Laboratories Companies Universities play an extremely important role in technical advance, not only as places where industrial scientists are trained, but as the source of research findings and techniques of considerable relevance to technical advance in industry Universities play an extremely important role in technical advance, not only as places where industrial scientists are trained, but as the source of research findings and techniques of considerable relevance to technical advance in industry

Master Science in Engineering Policy and Technology Management Innovation and Technology Transfer National Systems of Innovation are widely accepted National Systems of Innovation are widely accepted Barriers: different history, language and culture Barriers: different history, language and culture Technological communities are transnational Technological communities are transnational Widespread of MNE’s Widespread of MNE’s Globalisation Globalisation National System and Technology Transnational