WPS, UN Women, and Experiences from the Field May 14, 2015 Maud Edgren-Schori Maud Edgren-Schori Indevelop/KtK NTP: UNSCR 1325 Women, Peace and Security (282) Myanmar

Presentation – AM Introduction United Nation – history and Human Rights. UN Women - Gender Mainstreaming Gender Advisor – Guiding documents and Field experiences Group Discussions on UN Strategic Results Framework on WPS:

United Nations (UN) Established October 24, 1945 Objectives of the UN: Maintain PEACE worldwide Develop friendly relationships between nations Support the work to eradicate poverty, hunger, diseases and illiteracy; promote respect of HR Create a center to harmonise activities in order to achieve the objectives

Where, after all, do universal rights begin? Eleanor Roosevelt (1958) – Commisssion on HR established 1946 – UDHR was adopted in 1948 – 9 HR conventions (1965 – 2006)

International Treaties Convention binding for those who ratified Declaration not formally binding, only morally Resolution binding if adopted by the SC, but not in GA.

Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961) served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash. Was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize posthumously. ”The United Nations was not created to bring us to Heaven but to save us from Hell”

The Blue Helmets were created by Hammarskjöld and his team. Three guiding principles for PKO:s: The UN Blue Helmets (1) shall have the consent of the parties, (2) be impartial and (3) use force only in self-defence or in defence of the mandate.

UN Peacekeeping Start in 1948: the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East and Pakistan. The role of observers: monitor the Armistice Agreement o between Israel and its Arab neighbors (UNTSO) and o in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Both missions continue operating to this day. 69 peacekeeping operations69 peacekeeping operations have been deployed by the UN, 56 of them since Over the years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel, as well as tens of thousands of UN police and other civilians from more than 120 countries have participated in UN peacekeeping operations. 120 countries

UN PK workforce (April 2015)  troops, military observers, police personnel  international civilian personnel; local civilian staff UN Volunteers  In total, personnel in 16 PKO’s  Total cost: 8,5 billion USD.

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UNSC resolutions: 1325/2000, 1820/2008, 1888/2009, 1889/2009, 1960/2010, 2106/2013, 2122/2013

Who is responsible for implementing 1325 and other UNSCR? UN Security Council UN Secretary-General UN Member States/TCCs Armed groups – national militaries, rebel groups, etc. Humanitarian agencies Mediators in peace negotiations

Gender Equality – UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Of Women

Violence against Women Peace and Security Leadership and Participation Economic Empowerment Post 2015 agenda Humanitarian Action - Human Rights HIV/Aids

(2009) International gender equality ”constitution” Includes 30 articles 189 of UN member states have ratified (2015)

Discrimination of Women CEDAW (1979) Definition any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of the marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.

Gender Mainstreaming (definition by ECOSOC) … assessing the implications for women and men in any action, including legislation, politics and programmes … making concerns and experiences of women and men an integral part of design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes, so that women an men benefit equally

Age and Sex Matter

Gender Advisor UNDP Assignments (examples) Training (In-house + partners) Drafting of Policy documents (Gender Policy Declaration/ Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National Gender Policy (L)) Reviewing of Programs/Projects Data collection/Needsassessment (G) Developing programs: ”Women in Peace and Reconciliation” (CI) Resource mobilisation

Guiding documents HR Conventions Beijing Platform of Action (1995) National policies on GE UN Agencies gender policy UNSCR 1325/2000 and subsequent WPS resolutions UNSC resolutions UN policies on Gender, Codes of Conduct, etc.

Gaps in Gender Mainstreaming are caused by: Resistance Ignorance Indifference

Gender Perspective requires Knowledge Commitment Priority Resources

Articles 1.Definition of DISCRIMINATION 2.Responsibility to eliminate discrimination 3.Development and progress for women 4.Temporally measures to achieve GE 5.Stereotype gender roles 6.Prostitution and trafficking 7.Political and public spheres 8.International work 9.Citizenship 10.Education 11.Labor Market 12.Health Care 13.Social and Economical benefits 14.Women in Rural areas 15.Gender justice 16.Marriage and Family life