Human Genetic Engineering Megan Ritchie, Jonathan Meyers, and Elizabeth Berry

Definition and How it Works The science of manipulating or controlling genes and genetic combinations Extracting DNA and placing it in someone else Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eprl7c0rks Preimplantation Genetic DIagnosis- (embryo screening) Introduced in the 1990s it was first used to determine the sex of embryos to minimize sex linked disease. Now days it is used for sex sex selection and creating savior siblings that would easily be able to transplant tissues to sick siblings. Embryos are created through Vitro fertilization and tested for certain genetic diseases. Only the embryos without the mutation would then be implanted into the mother’s uterus.

Pros -Avoiding Diseases -Longer Life Expectancy - Better Pharmaceuticals

Cons - Safety - Ethical Issues - Limits Genetic Diversity -Genetic Discrimination Will the artificial genetic mutations create new diseases/mutation’s?

Ethical Issues Social From debate.org - 54% say ethical, 46% say unethical Religion Diversity Religion- Humans should not be messed with and are born according to God Social gap- Rich being able to afford it more where the poop are left behind genetically.

Countries Countries that have banned HGM Australia Brazil Canada South Korea Italy (many others) Countries that allow HGM Russia Chile Argentina South Africa Colombia

From the Business Insider http://www. businessinsider

Gene Therapy The treatment of a disease by altering the genes already inside of a person to halt the disease Ways this is done: Replacing mutated genes Removing the defective gene and replacing it with a working copy Fixing mutated genes Turning on/off certain genes to stop/protect against the disease Making disease cells evident Training the immune system to attack the disease causing agent

Designer Babies Genetic Disease Sex Determination Fatal Nonfatal Sex Determination Sex-linked disease Phenotype Characteristics Abilities Preset to excel in desired areas Prevention of diseases. How far? Hair and eye color, height, weight, etc. Athletic events, artists, etc Regulations

Human Genome Project noun: what they do: -a federally funded U.S. scientific project to identify both the genes and the entire sequence of DNA base pairs that make up the human genome -originated in 1985-1990 what they do: -provided information on the human genes, their structure, their organization, and where they are located.

First Confirmed Engineered Embryo Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou Thalassaemia Genetic blood disorder Less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than average Unexpected mutations occurred ethics Treatment-other than genetic engineering Blood transfusions Stem cell transplants “In a world’s first, researchers at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou confirmed they had engineered embryos to modify the gene responsible for the fatal blood disorder thalassaemia.” “It is entirely unnecessary since there are already many ethical ways to avoid thalassaemia. This research is a classic example of scientific careerism - assuring one's place in the history books even though the research is unnecessary and unethical." -Human Genetics Alert Director, Dr David King

Citations Arnold, Paul. Bright Hub. N.p., n.d. Web. Friedman, Lauren F. "These Are the Countries Where It's 'legal' to Edit Human Embryos (hint: The US Is One)." Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. Knapton, Sarah. "China Shocks World by Genetically Engineering Human Embryos." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. www.mayoclinic.org Uman Being. "Human Genetics Alert." Genetic Modification:This Time It’s Personal The Case Against Genetic Modification of (n.d.): n.pag. Web. "Is Human Genetic Engineering Ethical?" Is Human Genetic Engineering Ethical? N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. "What Did the Human Genome Project Accomplish?" Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eprl7c0rks