The Principate and Imperial Rome The Pax Romana

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Presentation transcript:

The Principate and Imperial Rome The Pax Romana

Julius Caesar

Octavian/Augustus

Arch of Titus commemorates Titus destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE Arch of Titus commemorates Titus destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Built in 82 CE by Domitian.

Despite the degree of peace and order achieved in the Roman Empire from the time of Augustus, the central government was inherently unstable and had frequent abuses of power and violent changes of rule. (31 BCE-180 CE)

I. Octavian Caesar as First Citizen of Rome (Princeps Augustus) and imperator II. Imperial Institutions Replaced Republican Institutions (A Republican Façade) III. Pax Romana and succession struggles for emperor

II. Imperial Institutions Replaced Republican Institutions 1. Controlling Legislation: The citizen assembly no longer legislated 2. The Army 3. Praetorian Guard 4. Bureaucracy: Imperial administrators 5. The Cult of the Emperor

III. Pax Romana and Succession Struggles 1. Final incorporation of the Provinces (212 CE) 2. Practice of Dynastic Inheritance Julio-Claudian Dynasty 3. Acclamation by the Army Year of the Four Emperors 69 CE 4. Appointing a Successor: Non-dynastic The Five Good Emperors (96-180 CE)

Emperors of Rome Octavian/Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) Tiberius (14-37) Gaius/Caligula (37-41 Claudius (41-54) Nero (54-68) Civil War (68-69) Vespasian (69-79) Titus (79-81) Domitian (81-96) Five Good Emperors Nerva Trajan (Not a Roman or even Italian) Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius