Respiratory System Disorders page: 494

Asthma One of the leading public health problems in the US today Most common chronic childhood disorder Asthma-disorder of the respiratory system that involves the inflammation of the bronchial tubes Allergens-anything that causes a reaction

Causes of Asthma Genetics-inherited Environmental factors-smoke, chemicals, dust, air temperature many others Induced Asthma-exercising-cold air/dry air, medications-like aspirin Occupational Asthma-Envir. Factors above Immune System factors-chemical change. Hygiene Hypothesis-less exposure to bacteria and viruses due to the thought of over cleanliness.

Symptoms of Asthma Wheezing Coughing Chest Tightness Rapid, shallow breathing Runny nose Watery eyes

Diagnosed/Treatments No one test to diagnose or treat. Medical History Physical Exam Lab tests-blood Spirometry-most common Chest X-Ray Treatments: Bronchi-Dilators, Oral Medicines, Antihistamines.

Pneumonia Two Types: Caused by: 1. Bacterial Pneumonia-Streptococcus Most common Pneumonia, other types of bacteria. 2. Viral Pneumonia-Influenza A, Respiratory- Syncytial Virus Pneumoncystis Carinii-fungus infection from AIDS leading to pneumonia of the lungs.

Pneumonia Symptoms 1-3 days up to 7-10 days Cough-discolored mucus from the lungs Sputum may be rusty or green with or without blood in it. Fever-sometimes no fever Shaking Teeth chattering Chills Rapid Shallow breathing Chest pains Rapid heart beat

Diagnosed/Treatments Medical History Physical Exam Chest X-Ray Gram Stain of Sputum/Sputum Culture Urine Test-now Treatment: Bacterial Pneumonia- Antibiotics Viral Pneumonia-antiviral medication-rare Vaccines-now available

Tuberculosis-TB Bacterial infection of the lungs. 1800s-early 1900s was once the leading cause of death. 1940s-drugs for treatment-TB slowly disappeared 1986 to now TB has shown a come back Immune System does not stop growth of bacteria.

TB How Spread? Spread through the air from one person to another-Active TB Bacteria goes to the lungs and grows From lungs to the blood to other body parts- kidneys, spine, brain. Family members, co-workers, friends Inactive TB-person has bacteria, but is not contagious to others, unless it becomes active TB. Do not have symptoms

Difference Between Active TB And Inactive TB Latent-Inactive TB: Have no symptoms Do not feel sick Cannot spread TB to others Usually have a positive skin test-TIME Chest x-ray and sputum test are normal

Active TB Has symptoms and is contagious to others Bad cough last longer than 2 weeks. Pain in chest area Coughing up blood or thick sputum Weakness/fatigue Loss of appetite-loss of weight Chills/Fever Sweat at night

Diagnosis/Treatments Tuberculin Skin Test hours later rash or raise area develops in the test area. QuantiFeron –TB Skin Test-Blood test- tells if exposed to TB. Chest X-Rays

Influenza Another name: Flu Caused by a Virus Type A Symptoms: fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea muscle aches Contagious during the first few days Can lead to pneumonia Treatment: Rest/fluids __________________________________ Colds-Rhinovirus OTC relieve symptoms, but does not cure Treatment: Rest/fluids

Flu Transmission/Treatment Air Mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, and nose Treatment: Bed Rest and drink plenty of fluids Prevention: Flu Vaccine Wash hands. Keep hands off face, cough in arm area,

SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Newly identified viral infection.Coronavirus Asia and Europe 2003 Transmission: Contact with infected saliva or droplets Close contact is necessary or direct contact with body fluid-saliva/droplets Sharing drinks, hugging, kissing Hands to facial area.

Symptoms 2-5 days, up to 10 Fever Dry cough Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing Headaches, Muscle aches Fatigue Diarrhea

Diagnosed by: Traveled outside US with the past 10 days Blood Test Sputum Culture Chest X-Ray if needed

Treatment for SARS Isolation Treatment like having a cold or flu Antiviral medication-no medicine known to cure. Hospitalization Prevention: Do not travel outside US Wash hands frequently Cover mouth when coughing Keep hands off face area

Strep Throat Bacteria infection Symptoms: Fever Very sore throat Hard to swallow Transmission: Contact with mucus from cough, sneezing, or saliva contact

Treatment/Prevention Treatments: Antibiotics Rest Drink fluids Prevention: Wash Hands Avoid contact with person’s body fluid

H1N1 Virus Cause: H1N1 is a Influenza virus (Type A 1) also called the “Swine flu.” U.S. in April of pigs in North Carolina Why called swine flu? Genes in this new virus is very similar to influenza viruses that are found with pigs in North America. Deaths to date 292 from August-October 10 th, 2009

How Transmitted? Communicable disease-spreads from person to person. Cough, sneeze or droplets of respiratory secretions are pushed out of the mouth or nose and into the air around us. Droplets have the virus in them, we inhale and virus gets into our body system. We can breathe in or swallow the virus. Keep hands off the face! Wash hands regularly.

Signs and Symptoms Contagious from 1 day before symptoms occur to 24 hours after the fever is gone. Symptoms, incubation period: 1-7 days after infection. (2-3 days usually) Some immunocompromised persons can be contagious longer.

Symptoms 1-7 days after contact Fever 100 degrees Cough Sore Throat Chills Headache Runny nose Muscle ache and pains-myalgia Fatigue Nausea Abdominal Pain Vomiting Diarrhea Lack of energy

Who is at high risk of developing complications from H1N1 flu? Children under 5 years of age years of a age Pregnant females People including children with: Lung conditions Heart Problems Kidney disorders Blood disorders Neurologic disorders Diabetes Cancer-Immunosuppression People over 65 years of age-60 older may have antibodies against Residents of nursing homes and other health care facilities.

Treatment H1N1 Vaccine 10 years and older only need one dose Children under 9 and younger 2 doses four weeks apart.