WORLD HEALTH THREATS

AIM: WHAT DISEASES CAUSE THE MOST DEATHS ALONG THE DTM? DO NOW: Predict which kinds of diseases would be most prevalent for each of the following stages along the DTM Stage 1&2 Stage 3&4 Stage 5 SWBAT define the epidemiologic transition and identify the diseases correlated with stages of the DTM SWBAT identify the types of diffusion used to spread disease Evaluate whether stage 5 will see a resurgence of diseases

KEY TERMS Epidemic Transition: distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition Pandemic: disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the pop

STAGE 1: PESTILENCE AND FAMINE Infectious/Parasitic diseases=main causes of death Ex: Black Plague/Bubonic Plague in the 1300s 1/2 Europe’s population dies

Q: WHAT TYPE(S) OF DIFFUSION? Hearth: Kyrgyzstan First it diffused to an Italian trading post when a Tartar army attacked Then, it diffused to Europe when Italians fled carrying rat infested ships In Europe it spread from the coast to inland towns, and then to rural areas

STAGE 2: RECEDING PANDEMICS Industrial Revolution overall reduces disease rates Improvements in sanitation, nutrition, medicine At first, though rates were especially high among poor people in the city EX: Cholera ½ million deaths in NYC in 1832

DR. SNOW MAPS CHOLERA

STAGE 3: DEGENERATIVE/HUMAN CREATED DISEASES Decrease in infectious deaths; increase in chronic disorders (usually from aging). Cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks Cancer

STAGE 4: DELAYED DEGENERATIVE DISEASE Major causes of death (cancer/ cardiovascular diseases) persist, but people live longer due to medical advancements Cancer treatments Bypass operations Reduced tobacco use Better diet

STAGE 5: REEMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS/PARASITIC DISEASES Controversial! Possible reemergence due to Evolution of antibiotics Antibiotic resistant viruses Poverty Improved Travel Anti-vaxxers (recent trend)

“I would advise any new parent to roll their child on the floor of the New York subway” –Chris Mason, geneticist at Cornell

“NEW” INFECTIOUS DISEASES H1N1/Swine Flu Global diffusion matched airline travel patterns Hearth: Mexico

AIDS 90% of people living with HIV are in LDCs Sub-Saharan Africa 1/10 th population, but 2/3rds of all HIV population