Components Preparation Inoculation Culture Media Components Preparation Inoculation

Culture Media a source of energy and certain environmental conditions in order to grow and produce bacteria. Depending on the type and combination of nutrients, different categories of media can be made.

Types of Media Basal or complex media. Enriched media. Selective media. Deferential media.

Common Ingredients Water: essential for bacterial growth. Peptone : from hydrolyzed animal or plant protein Meat extract: provide amino acids, vitamins, minerals. Yeast extract: used as bacterial growth stimulant. Mineral salts: essential for bacterial enzyme activity, Sulfur, phosphorus, iron, potassium. Carbohydrates: simple or complex sugars as source of energy and carbon.

Agar It’s solidifying agent of the medium. A gelatinous Inert polysaccharide material, derived from sea-weed or certain marine algae. It is Resistant to microbial action. Non toxic to bacteria. Dissolves at 100 c°, Solidifies when cooled below 45 c°. Use 1-2% concentration.

Forms of Media 1) Liquid form: called broth. Without agar, used to grow bacteria in a large quantity. Growth of bacteria turbidity No growth clear 2)solid: plate: used mostly to culture organisms slant: a tube containing solid media that was left to solidify at an angle. used to keep the bacteria for long period of time (3 months) Deep agar : agar solidified at bottom of tube. used to keep the bacteria for long time. Semi-solid agar deep: same as agar deep except it contains less agar (0.5% agar) to allow motility of organisms.

Slant Agar Plate Agar

Deep Agar

Media preparation Equipment: Media powder. Water (100 ml). Balance. Flask ( larger than the size of media volume). Weighing plate. Weighing spatula Cylinder. Bacti-cinerator. Autovalve. Sterile empty Petri dishes. Autoclave tape. Aluminum foil.

Procedure = 4 gm of media for 100 ml of water. Measure out the required volume of the media, e.g. 40 gm of media for 1000 ml of water, let’s say u want to prepare 100 ml of media 40 1000 !! 100 = 4 gm of media for 100 ml of water. Put the media powder in the flask. Add the water onto the media. Mix well.

Cover the flask with aluminum foil. Stick the autoclave tape on the flask and use it for labeling. Sterilize the media in autoclave 15-20min at 12oC°. Leave to cool at room temperature. Pour the media in petri dish. Leave to solidified at RT.

Inoculation It is streaking bacteria on agar plate, allow the bacteria to grow to produce isolated colonies, and pure culture. Pure culture: culture containing a single species of organism. Mixed culture: culture containing more than one species of organism. Contamination culture: a bacterial culture that has acquired unwanted organisms. In order to obtain well-isolated colonies, the quadrant streak technique should be used.

Quadrant streak technique Equipment: Bacti-cinerator. Loop. Subculture media. Agar media plane. Marker.

PROCEDURE Sterile the loop by bacti-cineratoe until it is red then allow to cool. Take a loopful of bacteria from the subculture media Immediately streak the inoculating loop VERY gently over a quarter of the plate around 4-5 lines (quadrant 1). Sterile the loop then allow to cool. Go back to the edge of the area 1, extend the streaks into the second quarter of the plate (quadrant 2). Go back to the edge of the area 2, extend the streaks into the third quarter of the plate (quadrant 3).

Sterile the loop then allow to cool. Go back to the edge of the area 3, extend the streaks into the forth quarter of the plate in zig zag lines (quadrant 4). let the bacteria to grow at 37 C° for 24 hr in the incubator.

Types of media Basal or complex media. Enriched media. Selective media. Deferential media.

Basal or complex media: Nutrient Agar(NA) It contains nutrients that allows non fastidious or Non pathogenic organisms To grow. Notice the shape, margin, elevation, color, size, Smell of organism.

Notice pigment production by organism

Enriched Media: Blood Agar (BA)/chocolate agar(Choc) It contains simple nutrients and additional requirements such as blood, serum to allow fastidious or pathogenic organisms to grow.

Selective Media: Mac Conkey agar(MAC) It contains inhibiting agents that inhibit some organisms and allows others to grow. Inhibiting agents : Bile salts, crystal violet. It inhibits gram positive organisms, allows growth of gram negative organisms.

Differential Media Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED) It contains a sugar and Indicator if organism ferments sugar an acid is will change the color of produced, this indicator. Indicator: is Bromothymol blue. Sugar is lactose. If organism ferments lactose it will give yellow color, if it does not ferment lactose no changes occurs, colorless.

Selective and Differential Media: MAC Sugar: is lactose. .Indicator: is neutral red If the organism ferment lactose, It will give pink color =LF. If organism does not ferment Lactose, no change in color , Colorless= NLF

Selective and Differential Eosin Methylene Blue ( (EMB As Mac Conkey, inhibits G(+ve) organisms, allows growth of G(-ve) organisms. Indicator: is Methylene Blue And Eosin. Lactose fermentor organsim Appears dark purple while non lactose fermentor appears colorless. E.coli produces green Metallic sheen( LF)

Selective and deferential: Mannitol Salt Agar( MSA) Selective: as it contains 7.5% salt Only organisms that can tolerate high salt conc. can grow Differential :as it contains mannitol sugar and phenol red indicator . The organism that ferments mannitol produces acid thus color changes to yellow If organism does not ferment mannitol no change in color

Differential Media Blood Agar - Types of hemolysis: α Hemolysis β Hemolysis γ Hemolysis

Types of Hemolysis α hemolysis Incomplete hemolysis greenish color around colonies

Types of hemolysis β hemolysis Complete hemolysis Clear area around colonies.

Swarming of Proteus on BA Swarming appear as spreading rose on BA plate.