Unit 3 The Progressive Era

The Agrarian Movement ( )

Problems of the farmers: New farm machinery and the opening of the Great Plains led to overproduction New farm machinery and the opening of the Great Plains led to overproduction Increased farm production led to more crops per acre but falling food prices Increased farm production led to more crops per acre but falling food prices

Turn and Talk Talk with the people at your table and discuss: Talk with the people at your table and discuss: –Why more crops but lower prices would be a bad thing for farmers? –Is it a good thing for anyone?

The Agrarian Movement ( ) Farmers had to ship goods to market and were at the mercy of railroad rates Farmers had to ship goods to market and were at the mercy of railroad rates Farmers were constantly in debt, and a poor harvest could throw them into chaos Farmers were constantly in debt, and a poor harvest could throw them into chaos

Grange Movement (1876) Original goal was to reduce rural isolation Original goal was to reduce rural isolation Turned into a group that demanded economic and political reforms for Farmers Turned into a group that demanded economic and political reforms for Farmers Helped to get Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 passed to regulate railroads Helped to get Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 passed to regulate railroads

Populist party A national third party representing laborers, farmers, and industrial workers A national third party representing laborers, farmers, and industrial workers Wanted to fix problems of falling prices and currency shortages Wanted to fix problems of falling prices and currency shortages

Populist Platform Supported William Jennings Bryan for President (Lost both elections) Supported William Jennings Bryan for President (Lost both elections) Unlimited coinage of silver – what does this mean? Unlimited coinage of silver – what does this mean? Direct election of senators Direct election of senators Term limits for President & Secret Ballots Term limits for President & Secret Ballots Immigration restrictions Immigration restrictions A graduated income tax A graduated income tax

The 1896 Presidential Election was turning point in American history because it marked a change in the national identity from rural to urban Who won? Who lost?

Third parties in American Politics Help to educate voters on special issues Help to educate voters on special issues Provide an outlet for minority grievances Provide an outlet for minority grievances Pressure major parties to adopt their ideas Pressure major parties to adopt their ideas

The Progressive Movement ( )

Goals of Progressives Sought to correct political and economic injustices from Industrialization Sought to correct political and economic injustices from Industrialization –What are some examples of injustices during the Gilded Age that needed to be corrected? Like the Populists wanted to reform society Like the Populists wanted to reform society

Roots of Progressives Found in Social Gospel Movement Found in Social Gospel Movement Spearheaded by Protestant Clergyman, educated middle class Spearheaded by Protestant Clergyman, educated middle class Called on Christians to rise to challenge of helping their fellow man Called on Christians to rise to challenge of helping their fellow man

Impact of Progressives Brought many social reforms at the city, and state level to make government more accountable to the people Brought many social reforms at the city, and state level to make government more accountable to the people Initiative voters could directly introduce bills in the state legislature and could vote on whether they wanted a bill passed Initiative voters could directly introduce bills in the state legislature and could vote on whether they wanted a bill passed Referendum voters could compel legislators to place a bill on the ballot for approval Referendum voters could compel legislators to place a bill on the ballot for approval Recall elected officials could be removed from office by voting in a special election Recall elected officials could be removed from office by voting in a special election

Mix It-Up Decide if your table’s scenario is an example of a Initiative, Referendum, or Recall Decide if your table’s scenario is an example of a Initiative, Referendum, or Recall Once you have decided take your scenario and put it under the correct headline on the side board Once you have decided take your scenario and put it under the correct headline on the side board

Impact of Progressives Reforms at the federal level with the Pendleton Act, which reduced political appointments and had job candidates pass an examination Reforms at the federal level with the Pendleton Act, which reduced political appointments and had job candidates pass an examination

The Social Reformers Jane Addams; Leader in the settlement house movement; created the Hull House Jane Addams; Leader in the settlement house movement; created the Hull House

Muckrakers Group of investigative reporters, writers, and social scientists Group of investigative reporters, writers, and social scientists They worked to expose the abuses of industrial society and expose corruption that existed in all levels of government They worked to expose the abuses of industrial society and expose corruption that existed in all levels of government

Muckrakers Upton Sinclair—The Jungle revealed many abuses of the meat packing industry Upton Sinclair—The Jungle revealed many abuses of the meat packing industry Frank Norris—The Octopus depicted the stranglehold railroads had over farmers Frank Norris—The Octopus depicted the stranglehold railroads had over farmers Jacob Riis—How the other Half Lives showed the poverty of urban areas in US Jacob Riis—How the other Half Lives showed the poverty of urban areas in US

Meat Industry Meat Industry

You need to complete the Muckrakers Graphic Organizer by the start of class tomorrow. You need to complete the Muckrakers Graphic Organizer by the start of class tomorrow. You can either hand it to me at the door as you enter tomorrow or place it on my desk within 2 minutes of the bell ringing. You can either hand it to me at the door as you enter tomorrow or place it on my desk within 2 minutes of the bell ringing.

Turn in your Muckrakers graphic organizer within two minutes of the bell or it’s late. Turn in your Muckrakers graphic organizer within two minutes of the bell or it’s late. You can put it on my desk or hand it to me You can put it on my desk or hand it to me

The Progressive Presidents

Progressive reforms were introduced at the national level by Presidents: Progressive reforms were introduced at the national level by Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt ( ) Believed in a strong Presidency and used his powers to safeguard the public interest Believed in a strong Presidency and used his powers to safeguard the public interest Helped to break up “bad trusts” who used unfair business practices with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Helped to break up “bad trusts” who used unfair business practices with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Square Deal--Passed laws to regulate business and protect consumers and workers Square Deal--Passed laws to regulate business and protect consumers and workers --Meat Inspection Act (1906) --Meat Inspection Act (1906) --Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) --Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Theodore Roosevelt ( ) Increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission to help regulate certain industries Increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission to help regulate certain industries Worked to conserve the nations natural resources by drawing attention to need to conserve forests, parks, and wildlife Worked to conserve the nations natural resources by drawing attention to need to conserve forests, parks, and wildlife With held federal lands from public sale and added millions of acres to national forests and parks With held federal lands from public sale and added millions of acres to national forests and parks

The Taft Presidency ( ) Continued most of Roosevelt’s policies, but angered Progressives with increased tariff bill. Continued most of Roosevelt’s policies, but angered Progressives with increased tariff bill. This caused TR to run as Bull Moose candidate in 1912, splitting Republican party This caused TR to run as Bull Moose candidate in 1912, splitting Republican party

Woodrow Wilson ( ) New Freedom — program that sought to control business practices, promote greater competition, and lower tariff rates New Freedom — program that sought to control business practices, promote greater competition, and lower tariff rates National Park Service— Protected public parks and monuments that Roosevelt set aside. National Park Service— Protected public parks and monuments that Roosevelt set aside. Department of Labor— cabinet position to study problems of labor and enforce federal labor laws Department of Labor— cabinet position to study problems of labor and enforce federal labor laws

Woodrow Wilson ( ) 16 th amendment —gave congress the power to tax income 16 th amendment —gave congress the power to tax income 17 th amendment – mandated direct election of senators 17 th amendment – mandated direct election of senators Federal Reserve Act —Created to regulate the amount of money in circulation (Federal Reserve System) Federal Reserve Act —Created to regulate the amount of money in circulation (Federal Reserve System) Clayton Anti Trust Act —increased the federal government’s power to prevent unfair business practices with Federal Trade Commission. Gave more guidelines than the previous Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Clayton Anti Trust Act —increased the federal government’s power to prevent unfair business practices with Federal Trade Commission. Gave more guidelines than the previous Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Civil Rights and the Women’s Suffrage Movement

Segregation Reforms Begins with 13 th (freedom), 14 th (citizenship), 15 th (voting) amendments Begins with 13 th (freedom), 14 th (citizenship), 15 th (voting) amendments Plessy vs. Ferguson—allowed “separate but equal” facilities Plessy vs. Ferguson—allowed “separate but equal” facilities W.E.B. DuBois—African American leader who helped found the NAACP W.E.B. DuBois—African American leader who helped found the NAACP Ida B. Wells—African American leader who worked to end lynching Ida B. Wells—African American leader who worked to end lynching

Women’s Suffrage Movement Traditional Role of Women Traditional Role of Women Women were treated as subservient Women were treated as subservient Patriarchal society in which men were superior Patriarchal society in which men were superior

Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Begins the women’s rights movement Begins the women’s rights movement Susan B. Anthony— begins Women’s suffrage movement Susan B. Anthony— begins Women’s suffrage movement Voted in 1872 election but was arrested Voted in 1872 election but was arrested Supreme Court (1874) ruled that citizenship does not include the “privilege of voting” Supreme Court (1874) ruled that citizenship does not include the “privilege of voting”

19 th amendment (1920) After WWI amendment passes After WWI amendment passes No state could deny a citizen’s right to vote on the basis of their gender No state could deny a citizen’s right to vote on the basis of their gender

Literature and Art in America Art & Literature in the late 19 th century was based on realism Art & Literature in the late 19 th century was based on realism –What is “realism?” This allowed writers and artists a way to depict hardships and abuse of the industrial workers This allowed writers and artists a way to depict hardships and abuse of the industrial workers

Literature and Art in America Literature Literature Horatio Alger: Wrote rags to riches stories Mark Twain: Wrote adventure stories Henry James: The Portrait of a Lady Jack London: The Call of the Wild Kate Chopin: The Awakening

Literature and Art in America Art Art James McNeil Whistler—Whistler’s mother Thomas Eakins—The Gross Clinic Henry Ossawa Tanner—painted everyday life Winslow Homer—painted seas, boats, and coasts

Assignment Complete the Suffragette Body Bio Complete the Suffragette Body Bio Follow all the directions in the top left corner Follow all the directions in the top left corner You must put your name on it – no name is a zero!!!! You must put your name on it – no name is a zero!!!!

ragists-change-tactics ragists-change-tactics ragists-change-tactics ragists-change-tactics s/general/suffrage_map.pdf s/general/suffrage_map.pdf s/general/suffrage_map.pdf s/general/suffrage_map.pdf s/general/votes_for_women_0.pdf s/general/votes_for_women_0.pdf s/general/votes_for_women_0.pdf s/general/votes_for_women_0.pdf

Exit Ticket Summarize how and why the Women’s Suffrage movement changed over time and what role, if any, race and racism played in women finally gaining suffrage. Summarize how and why the Women’s Suffrage movement changed over time and what role, if any, race and racism played in women finally gaining suffrage. This is due before you leave for the pep rally and is the last grade of the 6 weeks This is due before you leave for the pep rally and is the last grade of the 6 weeks