8.3 – Activity Series & Solubility Rules

 Activity = ability of an element to react  easier an element reacts, the higher the activity  activity series ◦ list of elements organized according to activities ◦ listed from highest activity to lowest

 metals ◦ greater activity = easier to lose electrons ◦ i.e. easier to become a cation  nonmetals ◦ greater activity = easier to gain electrons ◦ i.e. easier to become an anion

 used to predict whether single replacement reactions will occur  most active element is higher on list  an element can replace anything below it but not anything above it  I will give you a copy of the activity series to use on test

 zinc and hydrochloric acid  calcium and lead (II) nitrate  copper and lithium sulfate  bromine and iron (II) chloride

 Used to predict the formation of a precipitate in double replacement reactions  If a compound is listed as “insoluble”, “slightly soluble”, or “marginally soluble”, it will be written as a solid in reaction.  If a compound is listed as “soluble” it will be written as aqueous.  Basic solubility rules can be found on p. 427 of your book (I will give you a copy to use for the test)

 Ammonium sulfide & cadmium nitrate  potassium sulfate & barium chloride  sodium nitrate & magnesium sulfate  nickel (II) chloride & lithium hydroxide

 How to write formulas  How to classify a reaction from the reactants only ◦ Synthesis, decomposition, and combustion rxns always happen ◦ Single replacements only occur if the activity series says it will ◦ Double replacements only occur if the solubility rules says it will  How to predict products  How to balance reactions