Bell Ringer

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Classify the Type of Reaction & Predict the Products: –Ca + S  –Al + K 2 (SO 4 )  –C 8 H 18 + O 2  –Na(NO 3 ) + MgCl 2  –NO 2 

The Activity Series

Review of Reaction Types Give the general form for each of the following reactions: Synthesis: A + B  AB Decomposition: AB  A + B Single replacement : AB + C  AC + B Double replacement: AB + CD  AD + CB Combustion: (Complete)C x H y + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O (Incomplete)C x H y + O 2  CO + H 2 O

The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. Certain chemicals will undergo single replacement reactions when mixed: –Metals near the top are most reactive and will displace metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these four sets will react? Fe+ CuSO 4  Ni+ NaCl  Li+ ZnCO 3  Al+ CuCl 2  Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Yes, Fe is above Cu NR (no reaction) No, Ni is below Na Zn + Li 2 CO 3 Cu + AlCl 3 Yes, Al is above Cu K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au Yes, Li is above Zn

Other Activity Series Information All metals have a place in activity series. –Only the most common metals are shown. Metals are more reactive when their valence electrons are more easily removed. H is the only nonmetal listed. –H may be displaced from acids (released as H 2 ) –H 2 is given off when a metal reacts with water: metal + H(OH)  H 2 + metal(OH)

Water The reaction with H 2 O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: Will Mg react with H 2 O? K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au cold H 2 O hot H 2 O steam acid NR A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H 2 O  H 2 + ZnCl 2 Complete these reactions: Al + H 2 O(steam)  Cu + H 2 O  Ca+ H 2 SO 4  Na+H 2 O  H 2 + Mg(OH) 2 H 2 + Al(OH) 3 H 2 + CaSO 4 H 2 + NaOH Q: Zn + HCl 

Which reactions will take place? a)Mg + 2HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2 b)Zn + CuCO 3  ZnCO 3 + Cu c)Ag + H 2 SO 4  NR (No Reaction) d)CuO + H 2  H 2 O + Cu e)Al 2 O 3 + H 2  NR (No Reaction) f)2Al + 6H 2 O  3H 2 + 2Al(OH) 3 K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au

K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au MgCu 2+ Zn Fe(NO3)3 AgNO 3 H 2 SO 4 CuCl 2 Mg + AgNO 3  Ag+ Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Cu + AgNO 3  Ag+ Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Zn + AgNO 3  Ag+ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Mg + H 2 SO 4  H 2 + MgSO 4 NR Zn + H 2 SO 4  H 2 + ZnSO 4 Mg+ Fe(NO 3 ) 3  Fe+ Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NR Zn+ Fe(NO 3 ) 3  Fe+ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Mg + CuCl 2  Cu + MgCl 2 NR Zn + CuCl 2  Cu + ZnCl 2