SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. b. Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism.

Hinduism and Buddhism

Hinduism No single founder No single sacred text. Grew out of various groups in India: The Aryans added their religious beliefs to those of the Indus Valley. Out of all its complexity, though, there are certain basic beliefs…

Hindu Beliefs… God is one, but is known by many names. Everything in the universe is part of the unchanging, all-powerful force called Brahman. Brahman is too complex for most people to understand.

Hindu Beliefs… They worship gods that give a concrete form to Brahman. Gods are Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver, Shiva, the destroyer All are aspects of Brahman Every person has an essential life, or atman. Vishnu Brahma Shiva

More Hindu beliefs But even the atman is just another name for Brahman. The ultimate goal is to attain moksha, union with Brahman. Since this usually takes more than one lifetime, Hindus believe in reincarnation. Reincarnation is the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form. Karma; your good or bad deeds affect one’s future, and the future of those around one, for good or suffering

More Hindu Beliefs… All existence is ranked: Brahman, humans, animals, plants, things. To help escape the wheel of fate, dharma, religious duties, can help one acquire merit for the next life. Vedas and Upanishads are sacred texts. The BhagavadGita spells out many ethical ideas. Ahimsa is another key principle of Hinduism; nonviolence.

Let’s Recap: Atman = soul. Goal of Atman = release from cycle of rebirth. Varnashramadharma = caste stage in life duty

Samsara The cycle of life and rebirth. Ur stuck here until it’s broken. We call this reincarnation.

Dharma The Dharma Wheel Your duty You are born into your caste and have specific duties. Good Hindu’s do their duty without question.

Karma Good and bad points you rack up throughout your life. Both weigh you down. You must get rid of all Karma to obtain release. How to obtain release: Yoga’s Bathing in the Ganges

Moksha Release This is what the Atman is striving for. You achieve moksha by: Doing your Dharma So you get rid of your Karma

Goal of Atman Do Dharma To rid Karma To break Samsara To achieve Moksha

Siddhartha Gautama Gautama Buddha, from the foothills of the Himalayas, founded a new religion. Gautama born about 566 BC Borobudar Temple, Indonesia

Siddhartha Gautama He saw for the first time in his protected environment, a sick person, an older person, and a dead person. Gautama left a happy married life to discover the realm of life “where there is neither suffering or death.”

Buddha He meditated and fasted. For 48 days he meditated in one place. He believed he understood the cure for suffering and sorrow He was now Buddha.

The Four Noble Truths at the heart of Buddhism: All life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow. The cause of suffering is the desire for things that are really illusions, such as riches, power and long life. The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire. The way to overcome desire is to follow the Eightfold Path

The Eightfold Path: Right views Right aspirations Right speech Right conduct Right Livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right contemplation

Buddhism Final goal of Buddhism is nirvana, union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth. Buddhism and Hinduism agree on karma, dharma, moksha and reincarnation.

Buddhism They are different in that Buddhism rejects the priests of Hinduism, the formal rituals, and the caste system. Buddha urged people to seek enlightenment through meditation.

Buddhism Anyone can be a Buddhist monk, not just the wealthy. Women were included Nirvana could be reached in one lifetime.

Hinduism and Buddhism Compared Similarities Differences Hinduism and Buddhism Karma Dharma Moksha Reincarnation Buddhism rejects the priests of Hinduism, the formal rituals, and the caste system. Buddha urged people to seek enlightenment through meditation

Buddhism Gradually Buddhism split into two parts, schools: Theravada Buddhism. Closely followed Buddha’s original teachings. Mahayana Buddhism. Made following Buddhism easier for the ordinary people.

Buddhism Buddha preached in northern India and his teachings spread. Buddhas followers gathered his teachings into the Tripitaka. Buddhism declined in India, being swallowed up by Hinduism which made Buddha another Hindu god.

SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. b. Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism. List five points that will help you remember this element: