 “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”Tippecanoe & Tyler William Henry Harrison  Whig Party hoped to influence Harrison as President  Daniel Webster & Henry Clay  Delivers longest inaugural address in Presidential history  Contracts pneumonia  Serves 4 weeks as president and dies in office Probably should have worn a coat…

 “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too” John Tyler  Whig  Democrat in disguise  Whit Party  Pro Bank  Pro Protective Tariff  Pro Internal Improvement  Tyler…  Against all three…oops

 The Aroostook War  Land claimed by Americans and British north of Maine lead to small scale fighting in the early 1840s  Daniel Webster negotiates the Webster- Ashburton Treaty adding almost 7,000 square miles of territory

  Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819  Spain ceded Florida and claims to Oregon to the US  In return, US abandoned claims to Texas  Americans continue to settle in Texas  Mexico granted a huge tract of land to Stephen Austin  Agreed to bring 300 American families  Must be Roman Catholic  Texans ignored these stipulations and continued to settle the territory  30,000 by 1835  Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, ect. Texas

  Tensions rise over slavery, immigration and local rights  Mexico prohibited slavery as well as further colonization by 1830  Tensions rose in 1835 when Santa Anna took away all local rights for settlers and began raising an army to remove the Texans  Texans declare independence in 1836  Sam Houston named commander in Chief Rising Tension in Texas

 1. Should the United States give Maine to Canada? Why or Why Not 2. Does Canada have the right to take Maine? Why or Why Not?

The Alamo  The first battle between the Texans and Mexicans took place at on old mission that was used as a fort.  It was called the Alamo.

 The Fight for the Alamo  The Mexican Army outnumbered the Texans 1,800 to 183  The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.  On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men to storm the fortress.  When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.  Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom.

 “Remember The Alamo!”  Santa Anna had over 300 more Texans executed at Golidad.  General Sam Houston gathered over 800 troops and met Santa Anna at San Jacinto  It was over in 18 minutes. More than half the Mexican army was killed. (It was siesta time)  Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its freedom. With the Battle of San Jacinto, Texas became an independent country.

Lone Star Republic  In 1836, Texas declared itself The Lone Star Republic.  Sam Houston was elected president.  Some Americans wanted Texas to be part of the U.S.  Some people were afraid of Texas becoming a slave state, others of war with Mexico.  Both would eventually happen

 PolkPolk & Texas Annexation  In 1844, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay & the Democrats nominated James Polk  Polk won on expansionist platform  Called for Texas annexation  Called for an end to the joint U.S.-British control of Oregon  Polk & Congress interpreted the election as mandate for expansion & Texas was quickly made a state

James K. Polk  Democrat  Nickname:  “Young Hickory”  “Dark Horse” President  Narrow victory  4 Point Mission  Lower the Tariff  Restore the Independent Treasury  Get Oregon  Get California

 Mexican-American War  Causes of the Mexican War:  Mexico recognized Texas’ independence & U.S. annexation, but disagreed over Texas’ southern border  In May 1846, Polk sent U.S. General Zachary Taylor beyond the Rio Grande River which led to the Mexican- American War

 The Mexican-American War Zachary Taylor won at Buena Vista “Old Rough and Ready” John C Fremont won in California Stephen Kearney captured New Mexico Winfield Scott captured Mexico City The disputed area of Texas

Opposition to the Mexican War Not everyone supported the Mexican-American War Whigs opposed it Northerners saw it as a Southern “slave-power” plot to extend slavery

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  In 1848, U.S. & Mexico ended the war with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Ending the Mexican War The Rio Grande became the recognized U.S. southern border The U.S. grew 20% by adding the Mexican Cession (present-day NM, AZ, CA, Utah, NV, & parts of CO & WY Added the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 to build a southern transcontinental railroad

 Territorial Expansion by Mid-19 th CenturyOregon U.S. & Britain jointly occupied Oregon (Spain relinquished its claims to Oregon in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819) Britain claimed a greater stake of Oregon via Hudson Bay Co. (fur trade)

The Oregon Boundary Dispute In 1846, President Polk notified Britain that the U.S. wanted full control of Oregon Oregon residents demanded the entire territory: “54º40’ or fight!” But, the USA & England compromised & divided Oregon along 49 th parallel in 1846

Territorial Expansion by Mid-19 th Century Benefits of Oregon Benefits of Oregon: the U.S. gained its 1 st deep-water port in the Pacific & Northern abolitionists saw Oregon as a balance to slave-state Texas

  California settlers used John Fremont’s occupation of California during the Mexican-American War as an opportunity to revolt from Mexico in 1846 The Bear Flag Republic Like Texas, California operated as an independent nation; the California Republic existed for one month from June 1846 to July 1846 when it was annexed by the United States California became a U.S. state as part of the Compromise of 1850

  The discovery of gold in 1848 led to a massive influx of prospectors in 1849 (the “forty-niners”):  Few miners struck it rich  The real money made in CA was in supplying miners with food, saloons, & provisions  The gold rush led to a population boom, increase in agriculture, & multicultural Californian society The California Gold Rush



  Crash Course History: War & ExpansionWar & Expansion Review