University and Extra-university Research in Germany IRASA Conference, Berlin, 21 August 2014 Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

Research in Germany Research Performance Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

Research Performing Institutions The German Research Landscape 1. The Universities 2. Four independent national organisations of extra-university research - Max Planck Society, MPG – 78 institutes - Leibniz Association, WGL – 89 institutes - Helmholtz Association, HGF – 18 research centres - Fraunhofer Association, FhG – 67 institutes 3. Research institutes dependent from federal government departments („Ressortforschung“) - 60 institutes Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

German Research Landscape Different Players: public – private sector Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

The German Rectors‘ Conference Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn German Rectors‘ Conference (HRK): The voluntary association of state and state-recognized universities and other institutions of higher education in Germany. The HRK’s member institutions account for 94 per cent of students in Germany.

The German Higher Education System  110 Universities and Technical Universities  226 Universities of Applied Sciences, „Fachhochschulen“  58 Colleges of Art and Music Altogether 394 institutions of higher education (predominantly state institutions; 116 private universities, but only 5.3 % of all enrolled students study at private universities, usually with limited range of subjects) Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn Types of Higher Education Institutions

The Max Planck Society Max Planck, Founder of the Quantum Theory, Nobel Prize 1918 Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for the advancement of sciences was founded in 1948 It is the successor organization to the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft which was founded in 1911

Mission and Guiding Principles of the Max Planck Society Basic Research at cutting-edge, curiosity-driven and quality oriented Autonomy, where scientists decide upon science „Harnack Principle“: People not programs Flexible, dynamic, interdisciplinary MPIs Long-term trust systems with significant core funding for high-risk projects Quality assurance by peers Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

MPG - Facts & Figures Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn 1.599,4 Mio. EUR The Max Planck Society has a total workforce of employees, including scientists and guest scientists and grantholders.

Sites of Max Planck Research Institutes and Associated Institutes Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn MAX PLANCK INSTITUTES ABROAD USA, FLORIDA Max Planck Florida, Jupiter THE NETHERLANDS Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen LUXEMBOURG Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law, Luxembourg ITALY Bibliotheca Hertziana, Rome Art History Institute, Florence

The Leibniz Association Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 – 1716) Universal scholar in Law, Mathematics, Philosophy, Theology, History, Philology, Natural and Engineering Sciences

The Leibniz Association Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn Founded in Member Institutes Scientific excellence and impact Regular evaluations (every 7 years) Total budget 1.53 billion € (in 2013) The Leibniz Association at a Glance

The Leibniz Association ► Section A (17) Humanities and Educational Research ► Section B (17) Economics, Social and Spatial Sciences ► Section C (24) Life Sciences ► Section D (22) Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Engineering ► Section E (9) Environmental Research Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn Locations and Research Areas

The Helmholtz Association  Commitment to interdisciplinary research  A sense for the practical: Contribution to wealth creation Founding President of the Physikalisch- Technische Reichsanstalt: Effective management of large-scale research Hermann von Helmholtz (1821 – 1894):

The Helmholtz Association ► HELMHOLTZ MISSION Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn  Strategic research for grand challenges with cutting-edge research  Think big, act big: Developing and operating complex infrastructure and large-scale facilities for the national and international scientific community  Creating wealth for society and industry through transfer of knowledge and technology

The Helmholtz Association FACTS AND FIGURES  37,148 Staff (status as of 2013) ● 14,754 scientists ● 6,789 PhD students ● 1,657 vocational trainees  Budget 2014: €3.75 billion ● €2.58 bn (budget approach*): Institutional funding (90% federal, 10% state) ● €1.04 bn: third-party funding* (based on actual costs 2012) ● €0.13 bn: special finance *including contracts of project management agencies and other revenues, excluding project sponsorships totalling about €138 M

Helmholtz Centres Helmholtz Centre Branch of a Helmholtz Centre Helmholtz Head Office Helmholtz Institute Ulm Dresden Ulm Freiberg Kiel

The Fraunhofer Society Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn Joseph Fraunhofer 6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826 German optician known for the discovery of the dark absorption lines

Fraunhofer Society, Mission and Research Areas The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft promotes and conducts applied research in an international context, to benefit private and public enterprise and is an asset to society as a whole. Fraunhofer Institutes help to reinforce the competitive strength of the economy in their region, throughout Germany and in Europe. As an employer, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft offers a platform that enables its staff to develop both professional and personal skills  Information and Communication Technology  Life Sciences  Microelectronics  Light & Surfaces  Production  Materials and Components  Defense and Security

The Fraunhofer Society Locations in Germany 67 institutes and research units more than 23,000 staff €2 billion annual research budget main location other location

Research in Germany Research Funding Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

The Research Council Principle (national funding agency) Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn (National) Research Council – an expression of scientific culture  Principle: 1.Government gives money for research 2.Independent expert organization responsible for distributing the money  Quality competition 1.range of funding instruments 2.autonomous procedures -peer review -decision-making

DFG: Who We Are and What We Do ►central public funding organization for academic research in Germany ►member organization (universities, learned societies) ►serving science and the arts in all fields ►promoting academic excellence on a competitive basis in order to deal with complexity ►independent multi-tiered peer review ►special focus on supporting young academics ►promoting international research co- operation ►advisory function for the political sphere and the wider public ►fostering links between science and industry

DFG = Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  The historical name “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” means “German Research Community” which stands for an organisation of scientific self-administration. Functionally it is the national research funding agency in Germany.  DFG is an independent organization = association of private law  This means: DFG is a membership organization with 96 members : ●69 universities ●16 extra-university research institutions ●8 academies of sciences and humanities ●3 scientific associations Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

DFG and its funding authorities DFG funding is 99,9% public = taxpayers’ money. The funding authorities are: ► The federal government in Berlin (67.1%) ► The 16 regional states (32.7%) Less than 0,1% of the funds come from the private “Donors’ Association for German Science” DFG’s budget for 2014 amounts to € billion. Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

Where do DFG funds go? Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn ► Project funding by DFG goes:  to universities = 90%  to extra-university institutions = 10% compared to: ► Programme money / project funding by the Federal Government (~ 2,5 b€ ) which goes:  to universities = 35%  to extra-university institutions = 32%  to industry = 33%

DFG: Distribution of funds according to science areas Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn Engineering Sciences Humanities and Social Sciences Natural Sciences Life Sciences

Two other important sources of research funding 1. BMBF – Federal for Education and Research Key technologies (biotechnology, nanotechnology, microsystems, materials, production technology etc.) Societal needs (climate, energy, health, food, mobility, security, communication etc.)  about 2,5 bn € 2. EUROPE - Framework Programme „Horizon 2020“ Programme „Ideas“ – The European Research Council (ERC)  about 2 bn € Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

Research in Germany Research Cooperation Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

DFG: Levels of International Cooperation Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn 1. International memberships of DFG 2. Bilateral Agreements on Scientific Cooperation 3. Six Liaison Offices in America, Asia and Russia 4. Participation in international programmes and conferences Funding of joint programmes and projects Support for research projects with partners abroad Support for international meetings and workshops

DFG support for bilateral research cooperation 1. Invitation to a researcher in Germany to visit a research institution in a partner country DFG form 1.813_en = „trips abroad“ 2. Invitation to a foreign researcher to visit a research institution in Germany DFG form 1.813_en = „guest visits“ 3. Joint project = standard individual grant DFG form 50_01_en with supplementary instructions for projects involving cooperation with developing countries DFG form _en Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

► Research Training Groups (“Graduiertenkollegs”): International students are welcome to apply for fellowships ●ca. 30% international PhD students ●Support for international exchange of senior and junior scientists ► Programme variant: International Research Training Groups ●Joint international (bilateral) research training at centers of excellence ●Jointly proposed by a research group at a German university and a partner group at a university abroad ●Joint research and study programme ●Joint supervision ●Research stays of ~ 6 months at partner group abroad Research Training Groups The International Dimension Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

International Research Training Groups Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn

Thank you for your attention! Berlin, 21 August Christoph Mühlberg, Division of International Cooperation, DFG Bonn