Essentials of Sociology Sixth Edition Chapter Two: Culture This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Chapter Overview  What is Culture?  Components of Symbolic Culture  Many Cultural Worlds: Subcultures and Countercultures  Values in U.S. Society  Technology in the Global Village  Cultural Lag, Diffusion, and Labeling

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior Passed from One Generation to the Next  Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures What is Culture?

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  What is Normal, Natural, or Usual?  The Culture Within Us  Culture as Lens  Culture Shock  Ethnocentrism Culture and Taken-for- Granted Orientations Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Understanding Cultures on Their Own Terms  “Sick Cultures”  Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality Practicing Cultural Relativism Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Symbol is Something to Which People Attach Meaning  Gestures  Language Components of Symbolic Culture Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Allows Human Experience to Be Cumulative  Provides a Social or Shared Past  Provides a Social or Shared Future  Allows Shared Perspectives  Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior Language and Culture

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World  Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Values - What is Desirable in Life  Norms - Expectations or Rules for Behavior  Sanctions - Reaction to Following or Breaking Norms  Positive Sanctions  Negative Sanctions Values,Norms,and Sanctions

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Folkways - Norms not Strictly Enforced  Mores - Core Values. We Insist on Conformity Folkways and Mores

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Subculture - A World Within the Dominant Culture  Countercultures - Groups With Norms and Values at Odds with the Dominant Culture Subcultures & Countercultures

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Values in U.S. Society Romantic LoveDemocracy Science and Technology ReligiosityFreedom Efficiency and Practicality EducationHumanitarianism Activity and Work Racism and Group Superiority Material ComfortIndividualism EqualityProgress Achievement and Success

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Achievement and Success  Individualism  Activity and Work  Efficiency and Practicality  Science and Technology Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Progress  Material Comfort  Humanitarianism  Freedom  Democracy Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Equality  Racism and Group Superiority  Education  Religiosity  Romantic Love Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Value Clusters - Series of Interrelated Values  Values Contradictions - Values that Contradict One Another Value Clusters and Contradictions

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Value Contradictions and Social Change “It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social change in a society”

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Leisure  Self-fulfillment  Physical Fitness  Youthfulness  Concern for the Environment Emerging Values Microsoft Image

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  Culture Wars: When Values Clash  Value as Blinders  “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture Values and Culture

Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon  The New Technology - New Tools  Cultural Lag and Cultural Change  Technology and Cultural Leveling Technology in the Global Village