Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter June, 2009 NASA LaRC | NC State University | APTIMA

2 Experiment Setup - Aircraft Familiarization -

3 Simulator with an Advanced PFD VISTAS (Visual Imaging Simulator for Transport Aircraft Systems) Simulator – No motion, ground-based simulator Integrated PFD & ND with new display features – Enhanced Vision System (EVS) – Synthetic Vision System (SVS) – Flight pathway guidance (TUNNEL) – Embedded NAV – standard LOC and G/S features

4 Advanced PFD Symbology Directed Airspeed Actual Airspeed Directed Airspeed Bug Directed Altitude Current Altitude Directed Altitude Bug Radar Altitude Vertical Speed Ind (VSI) DME

5 ILS Indicator Localizer and Glideslope deviation No “Bends” No “Lies” “Raw Data”

6 VSI Arrow Current Rate of Descent (Arrow) Commended Rate of Descent (Circle)

7 Tunnel + FPV TUNNEL “Crow’s feet” define vertical and horizontal extent of desired path Generated by computer database with GPS system 600 ft wide by 350 ft tall: – “Linear” Deviation Segments every 0.2 nm Showing path 1 nm ahead Flight Path Vector (FPV) Indicates where aircraft will go

8 ND Touchdown (TD) Point Course Line to TD Point Scale of Dotted Ring (NM)

9 SVS (Synthetic Vision System) Terrain Wireframe GPS-based

10 EVS (Enhaced Vision System) Terrain

11 SVS / EVS

12 Downward-looking View

13 Side Stick Left Button Re-centers flight symbology on the PFD Right Button Toggles PFD view between forward-looking and down- ward looking Left + Right Button Aligns PFD waterline in the vertical center of the display Hat-Switch Controls rate of descent with fore and aft inputs. Each click equals 30 fpm

14 Experiment Setup - Scenario Familiarization -

15 Flight Scenario Overview ILS Approach and landing at a desert landing site – Consists with descending and hovering – Hand-flown with autothrottle Pilot commands desired vertical speed with hat-switch on stick Auto throttle adjust engine thrust to achieve vertical speed Pilot adjusts airspeed with pitch (with fore & after) – Begins 7NM inbound to helipad – Ends with landing decision – Night/IMC: Weather near or below minimums Dust near ground No approach lights or lighting of TD – Go-around or landing performance will not actually be measured

16 Descent Phase (3 deg glide path) Hover Phase Begin 250 KIAS 2460 MSL/HAT (1680 AGL) End 7NM 0 KIAS 250 ft MSL (250 ft HAT) Stop and resume at random point 100 ft MSL (100 ft HAT) Visual contact with the ground -Landing decision

17 Roles and Responsibilities Captain – Hand flying with sidestick (Hdot + Manual mode) – Verbalize all decisions at decision height. First Officer (FO) – Handle ATC communication – Provide callouts as briefed (altitude) – Will confirm objects in sight (visually) – Will answer queries and confirm settings, procedures, etc.