Solutions Solutions * ‘homogeneous mixtures’

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Presentation transcript:

Solutions Solutions * ‘homogeneous mixtures’ Particles are evenly or uniformly distributed throughout the sample 2 or more components physically combined in varying amounts (gaseous, liquid, or solid solution)

NaCl is the solute, Water is the solvent Solutions *one substance dissolved in another * Solute – substance dissolved (smaller amt) * Solvent – substance doing the dissolving (larger amt) Example: NaCl(aq) NaCl is the solute, Water is the solvent

Solutions *Solute & solvent are NOT chemically combined, therefore they can be physically separated. If you heat a NaCl solution, the water will evaporate and you will be left with solid NaCl in the beaker. Filtration does NOT separate a solute from a solvent!!

Solutions Each substance retains its own properties In an NaCl solution, the NaCl is still salty and the water is still wet!

Solutions Clear or transparent (if aqueous) Particles do NOT settle on standing You can see through it.

The Solution Process

Water is a Polar Molecule

NaCl(aq)  NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NaCl dissolved in water

Factors Affecting the Dissolving Rate Temperature Solids dissolve better at high temps Gases dissolve better at lower temps Agitation Stirring or shaking helps Surface Area When you powder a solid, you increase the exposed surface and it dissolves faster

Factors Affecting the Dissolving Rate Pressure If you increase the pressure on the surface of a liquid, more gas will dissolve in it. Increase pressure = Increased solubility of a GAS

What causes the hissing sound? Soda Pop What causes the hissing sound? When you open the cap, the pressure decreases and the gas becomes less soluble in the soda, so the carbon dioxide gas comes rushing out.

Factors Affecting the Dissolving Rate Nature of the chemical

Vocabulary Universal Solvent = Water Aqueous Solution (aq) = dissolved in water Soluble vs Insolube dissolves doesn’t dissolve Miscible vs Immiscible 2 liquids mix 2 liquids separate (soluble) (insoluble)

Like Dissolves Like