4.Camera work, editing, sound/music,light/colours 4.1 Units of a film: shot  scene  sequence  film 4.2 Camera work: a) Field sizes: near:extreme close-upfar:full shot close-up medium long shot close shot long shot medium shot extreme long shot

b) Camera angles high angle / overhead shot normal camera height low angle / below shot  can be used for the characterization, e.g. a character seen from a low angle seems to be dominant and dangerous c) Point of view  identification or distance subjective camera: camera only shows what the main character sees (e.g.horror films) point-of-view shot over-the-shoulder shot reverse-angle shot

d) Camera movement pan: movement from one side to another tilt: upwards or downwards movement tracking shot: camera follows the moving characters hand camera zoom: zoom-in  subject comes closer zoom-out  subject moves farther away e) Length of shots extremely short shots create a feeling of rush and panic

4.3 Editing (= Montage)  the way of linking single shots and scenes normal cut fade-in fade-out dissolve keyhole cut cross-cutting

4.4 Sound and music a) Sounds can influence the spectator´s anticipation, e.g. „Jaws“ b) Music: music on: music in the film, e.g. „Dirty Dancing“ music off: film music, not heard by characters  used to create emotions  used to create suspense  underscoring of characters (= leitmotif)

4.5 Light and colours a) Light –underexposure: ominous atmosphere –overexposure: faces seem coarse –against the light: characters are silhouettes –spotlights on: give the object a special meaning –shadows: eerie atmosphere b) Colours in different cultures colours symbolize different things, e.g. white: innocence black: death, the evil red: blood, danger, sex

5.Message / interpretation Five models of interpreting a film: literary and film historical interpretation  films playing explicitly with / alluding to / spoofing previous films biographical interpretation sociological interpretation  film is analyzed in its historical context interpretation specific to the genre  film is analyzed as a western, thriller, love story... transcultural interpretation  interpretation taking into account foreign cultures