Focus: What is your pulse? What is Blood pressure? How many #’s are recorded? What is the difference between them?

Pulse Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Pulse – pressure wave of blood  Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Figure 11.16

Blood Pressure Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries  Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction  Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax  Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases

Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.18

Comparison of Blood Pressures in Different Vessels Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.17

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors Slide 11.39a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Neural factors  Autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic division)  Renal factors  Regulation by altering blood volume  Renin – hormonal control

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors Slide 11.39b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Temperature  Heat has a vasodilation effect  Cold has a vasoconstricting effect  Chemicals  Various substances can cause increases or decreases  Diet

Variations in Blood Pressure Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Human normal range is variable  Normal  140–110 mm Hg systolic  80–75 mm Hg diastolic  Hypotension  Low systolic (below 110 mm HG)  Often associated with illness  Hypertension  High systolic (above 140 mm HG)  Can be dangerous if it is chronic

Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Exercise –Regular exercise, along with an active lifestyle, may decrease blood pressure –adults participate in 150 minutes a week of cardiovascular exercise such as walking, cycling and swimming Nutrition –diet affects the development of high blood pressure (hypertension) –DASH includes more than eight servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Alcohol –Alcohol is a drug, and regular over-consumption can raise blood pressure dramatically Stress –The effects of stress can vary, but long-term, chronic stress appears to raise blood pressure Smoking –Smoking causes peripheral vascular disease –hardening of the arteries –These conditions clearly can lead to heart disease and stroke and are contributing factors in high blood pressure

Circulatory System Closed System SubCategories –Pulmonary –Systemic –Coronary

Coronary Circulation Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium  The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system  Coronary arteries  Cardiac veins  Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus