Cells Cells The Basic Unit of Life By: Ms. McMillan

What is the cell? The basic unit of life The basic unit of life Performs many basic functions to sustain life Performs many basic functions to sustain life

Parts of an Eukaryotic Cell Cell Membrane Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) Ribosome Ribosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Mitochondria Lysosomes Lysosomes Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Centrioles Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleolus Vacuole Vacuole

Cell Membrane Fluid Mosaic model Fluid Mosaic model Semi-permeable Semi-permeable Made mostly of cholesterol Made mostly of cholesterol Has channels that allow certain things in Has channels that allow certain things in Osmosis- diffusion of water across a membrane Osmosis- diffusion of water across a membrane

Nucleus Center of the cell Center of the cell Contains all the genetic information Contains all the genetic information Has two membranes: inner and outer Has two membranes: inner and outer Has DNA Has DNA Present in all eukaryotic cells Present in all eukaryotic cells 1 per cell 1 per cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Two types are the rough and the smooth Two types are the rough and the smooth Rough is continuous with the nuclear membrane and contains ribosomes Rough is continuous with the nuclear membrane and contains ribosomes Ribosomes makes the proteins Ribosomes makes the proteins Smooth ER makes the lipids (fats) Smooth ER makes the lipids (fats)

Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins for exit out of the cell Packages proteins for exit out of the cell Looks like sacs Looks like sacs Has two sides a cis and a trans Has two sides a cis and a trans Present in all animal cells Present in all animal cells

Mitochondria The Power house of the cell The Power house of the cell Makes all the energy in the form of ATP Makes all the energy in the form of ATP ATP means Adenosine Triphosphate ATP means Adenosine Triphosphate Has folds called cristae which increases the surface area Has folds called cristae which increases the surface area

Lysosomes Single membrane organelles Single membrane organelles House enzymes used for degradation House enzymes used for degradation Degrades proteins Degrades proteins Garbage disposal of the cell Garbage disposal of the cell

Cytoplasm Liquid substance within the plasma membrane Liquid substance within the plasma membrane Contains proteins, salts and organelles Contains proteins, salts and organelles

Centrioles Small set of microtubules arranged in a certain way Small set of microtubules arranged in a certain way Play a major role in cell division Play a major role in cell division NOT present in most plants and fungal cells NOT present in most plants and fungal cells

Nucleolus Contains RNA for manufacturing protein Contains RNA for manufacturing protein

Plant Cell Has cell wall Has cell wall Cell wall is rigid and present only in plants and prokaryotes Cell wall is rigid and present only in plants and prokaryotes Has chloroplasts that are used for photosynthesis Has chloroplasts that are used for photosynthesis

Chloroplasts Food producers of the cell Food producers of the cell Found in plants and some protists Found in plants and some protists Responsible for photosynthesis Responsible for photosynthesis Chlorophyll – pigment that gives plants their green color Chlorophyll – pigment that gives plants their green color

Vacuole Storage bubbles found in cells Found in both animal & plant cells Larger in plant cells Stores food or nutrients Can store waste

Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic = prenucleus Prokaryotic = prenucleus No membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Have cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane Have cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane DNA free floats in cytoplasm DNA free floats in cytoplasm

Prokaryotic Cell Wall Composed of subunits found nowhere else in nature Composed of subunits found nowhere else in nature Produces symptoms of disease Produces symptoms of disease Site of action of some of the most effective antibiotics Site of action of some of the most effective antibiotics