From last class From last class… ΔG = ΔH – TΔS The reactions of metabolism are enzyme catalyzed and all reversible. If the ΔG is negative then the forward.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

Advertisements

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

AP Biology Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP.

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6. 2 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored.

UNIT 2: Metabolic Processes Intro to Metabolism, Energy, ATP and Redox.

Cellular Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy

Chapter 6 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. Metabolism The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways Catabolic.

Thermodynamics and Metabolism. 2 Metabolism Metabolism: all chemical reactions occurring in an organism Anabolism: chemical reactions that expend energy.

ATP Production AP Biology. Overview: Life Is Work  Living cells require energy from outside sources  Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy.

An introduction to metabolism

Cellular Respiration Part I: Introduction to Energy Harvesting

Energy & Metabolic Pathways 1. ATP Redox Electron Carriers 2.

Thermodynamics and Metabolism. 2 Metabolism Metabolism: all chemical reactions occurring in an organism Anabolism: chemical reactions that expend energy.

Introduction to Metabolism

Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 6 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.

Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6.

The Start of Cell Respiration Electronegativity The Sharing Game – Some are better at sharing and others are not – Elements are the same way – Atoms.

Flow of Energy Thermodynamics –Branch of chemistry concerned with energy changes Cells are governed by the laws of physics and chemistry Energy flows into.

2-1 Copyright  2005 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Biology: An Australian focus 3e by Knox, Ladiges, Evans and Saint Chapter 2: The chemistry.

Energy The capacity to do work or cause particular changes Life is sustained by the trapping and use of energy Use of energy is made possible by the action.

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy Glycolysis I

 Living organisms require energy to perform functions. They:  Kidney cells: › to transports materials  Digestive tract: › break macromolecules  Heart:

Energy and Metabolism. 2 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored energy.

Adapted from: faculty.sgc.edu/asafer/BIOL1107/chapt06_lecture.ppt.

Themodynamics. Metabolism = ‘change’ Refers to all the chemical reactions that change or transform matter and energy in cells Metabolic Pathway = a sequential.

Metabolism. Metabolism = anabolism + catabolism In a reaction, bonds between reactants break down and bonds between products form. Energy is absorbed.

Cell Energetics Concept Review. Energy: Big Idea in Science Energy flows in one direction, energy never cycles back to its source.

Introduction to Cellular Respiration The majority of organisms on earth use glucose as their main energy source. Through a series of redox reactions glucose.

Biochemical Energy Production

Cellular Respiration How do we harvest energy from fuels? Digest large molecules into smaller ones – break bonds & move electrons from one.

Chapter 8 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Energy is the capacity to do work; cells must continually use energy to do biological work. Kinetic Energy is.

Metabolic Reactions Enzymology Catabolism Litho/Phototrophy Anabolism Microbial Metabolism.

AP Biology Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP.

Chapter 8: Intro to Metabolism. Energy: Defined: The capacity to do work.

Essentials of the Living World Second Edition George B. Johnson Jonathan B. Losos Chapter 6 Energy and Life Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

1-1 Inquiry into Life Eleventh Edition Sylvia S. Mader Chapter 6 Lecture Outline Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Chapter 8 Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation.

Cellular Metabolism refers to the sum of thousands of chemical reactions that occur constantly in each living thing. 2 Types: Anabolic: atoms or molecules.

Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6. 2 Flow of Energy Energy: the capacity to do work -kinetic energy: the energy of motion -potential energy: stored energy.

Mader: Biology 8 th Ed. Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6.

6-1 Chapter 6 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. 6-2 Cells and the Flow of Energy Energy is the ability to do work. Living things need to acquire energy;

The Big Picture. The Circle of Life... Photoautotophs: organisms that can build all the organic compounds required for life from simple ________________.

ATP and Metabolism. Metabolism Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions Pathway of defined steps beginning with a specific molecule resulting in a.

Energy and Metabolism Adapted from: faculty.sgc.edu/asafer/BIOL1107/chapt06_lecture.ppt.

AP Biology Metabolism & Enzymes AP Biology From food webs to the life of a cell energy.

ENERGY AND ENZYMES Ch. 6. FLOW OF ENERGY  Energy is the ability to do work or bring a change.  There are 2 types of energy  Kinetic- Energy of motion.

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. Energy  Ability to do work, change matter  Kinetic – energy in motion  Potential – stored energy Chemical energy (food)

METABOLISM Chapter 8. Energy of Life  Metabolism is the combination of all the chemical reactions in an organism  Arises from interactions of molecules.

Energy Transformations Ch.6 Types of Systems? CLOSED, exchanges only energy OPEN, exchanges matter and energy.

6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy Energy is the ability to do work or bring about change. Forms of Energy –Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. –Potential.

Chapter 6.2 Time’s Arroe and the World of Life AP Biology Fall 2010.

ATP and Redox Reactions

Metabolism Chapter 06. Metabolism 2Outline Forms of Energy  Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions  ATP Metabolic Pathways  Energy of Activation.

Energy and Enzymes Chapter 6 Almost all energy for life is derived from the sun. Life requires energy.

Enzymes & E a 3.3. Activation Energy (E a ) even spontaneous reactions require an initial input of energy, called activation energy (E a )

Chapter 4: The Energy of Life 4.1 All Cells Capture and Use Energy 4.2 Chemical Reactions Sustain Life.

AP Biology Agenda 2/18  Cell Respiration Notes  Cell Respiration Modeling Activity  Homework: Cell Respiration Case Study, Cell Resp Worksheet, Watch.

AP Biology Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy.

What Is Metabolism???  Thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the cell  Concerned with the managing of materials and energy resources of the cell.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP ∆G = kJ/mol.

An Introduction to Metabolism

The harvest and storage of chemical energy

Energy and Life Ch. 5.

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

An Introduction to Metabolism

Edited by Ms Rayner ATAR Biology Yr 11

Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

Presentation transcript:

From last class From last class… ΔG = ΔH – TΔS The reactions of metabolism are enzyme catalyzed and all reversible. If the ΔG is negative then the forward reaction is spontaneous and the reverse reaction needs a free energy input. If the ΔG is positive then the forward reaction needs a free energy input and the reverse reaction is spontaneous. When an equilibrium is reached between the forward and reverse reactions the ΔG is 0 and the cell is dead! Cells prevent this by undergoing a series of reactions in a chain, so that the products of one reaction are the reactants in another and therefore cannot go in reverse.

ATP ATP is the primary source of free energy in cells. Notice in the diagram of ATP that it is a nucleic acid composed of adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose (pentose) and three phosphate groups (P groups). The reaction that creates the free energy for the cell is the removal of the terminal phosphate group from ATP by ATPase forming ADP and an inorganic phosphate group. This reaction produces 31 KJ/mol of free energy in a lab setting. In a living cell the amount of free energy is closer to 54 KJ/mol.

ATP  ADP + P Cycle

The breaking of ATP into ADP + P is an exergonic process since ATP is not as stable as the products. The cell uses the energy to drive endergonic processes. The free energy released by the removal of the terminal phosphate is not given off as heat or else the cell would die. Instead it is immediately coupled with an endergonic reaction which uses the energy in the P-bond. The attachment of the phosphate group is called phosphorylation. An example of this process is in active transport, ATP’s phosphate group is removed and then phosphorylated to protein carriers, changing their shape and letting ions into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox) Oxidation: A process in which an atom loses one or more electrons. Reduction: A process in which an atom gains one or more electrons. Redox Reactions: A reaction in which one atom transfers an electron/electrons to another atom. Oxidation and reduction both occur. Oxidizing Agent: The substance that gains an electron; so called because it forces another atom to become oxidized. Reducing Agent: The substance that loses an electron; so called because it forces another atom to become reduced.

Very Easy to see in Ionic reactions

More difficult in covalent interactions The atoms being oxidized and reduced are harder to determine when dealing with covalently bonded molecules. In these reactions, the unequal sharing of electrons in a polar bond is thus considered to be a loss or a gain of electrons.

Redox with Covalent molecules Easiest to see in combustion reactions: CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g)  CO 2 + 2H 2 O + Energy (on the board) Mr. Jarrell ROCKS!!!