April 25, 2017 Production of energy, biofuels and chemicals from biomass/waste gasification G. Aranda Almansa Brussels, 24 September 2015

ECN R&D Policy studies Solar energy Wind energy Bioenergy Supports local, national, and European governments with policymaking Assists industry in strategy Process & Energy Industry: To improve existing processes Energy Engineering Analyse, test, and model current situation (incl failure analysis) Design, engineering, manufacture a solution Environment Measure & model emissions to air, soil & water Energy efficiency Develop new technology to make processes more efficient Solar energy Develop new cells, modules and accompanying production technology Develop and improve systems & applications Wind energy Support wind turbine and farm design (ao software tools) Measure and test turbines Biomass Develop new technology in the entire chain of processing biomass Energy engineering Environment Energy efficiency

ECN bioenergy activities Feedstock Pre-treatment Conversion Separation Product Synthesis Characterization Property databases Torrefaction Torwash Pyrolysis Fractionation Biochar Combustion Gasification Biorefinery Gas cleaning Tar removal Gas conditioning Separation Biofuels Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Biochemicals Power & Heat Core activities Sustainable energy technology development R&D services to industry Feasibility studies, system & technology assessments Biomass conversion is difficult due to Limited ‘shelf life’ (rot) Consistency (tough) Contamination (salts) Hence all kinds of different technologies needed to make application of biomass possible. ECN develops technologies all along the chain, highlights: Characterisation to determine what happens if biomass is converted Pretreatment enabling easy combustion & gasification Fractionation enabling the use of biomass ‘components’ for conversion to products Proprietary gasification technology Separation, esp tar removal Technology development, licensing, techno-economic evaluations, LCA, consultancy, testing and analyses, due diligence

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA MILENA gasification Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA MILENA gasification Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

MILENA gasification Highly efficient. Complete fuel conversion. High heating value of gas (12-15 MJ/Nm3 ) without need for ASU. Fuel flexible, tested: wood, waste wood, grass, straw, soya residue, RDF/SRF, sunflower husks, DDB , high-ash coal, lignite. Compact. Commercially available: Royal Dahlman and Thermax. Scalable (> 100 MW). www.milenatechnology.com

MILENA and i-MILENA MILENA (biomass/waste) i-MILENA (coal)

MILENA gasification 5 kg/h lab-scale facility at ECN, 2004 1 ton/h (4 MW) bio-SNG, 2016 (NL) 1 ton/h (4 MW) soya residue to power, 2014 (India) 150 kg/h pilot facility at ECN, 2008

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA Gasification MILENA Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

OLGA tar removal Based on oil scrubbing. Modified to deal with tars from different gasifiers. Can reduce tar dew point below 0°C. Recycle of heavy tars. No loss of valuable gases (CH4, ethylene, BTX). Commercially available from Royal Dahlman. www.olgatechnology.com

OLGA tar removal 2 000 Nm3/h plant in France, connected to updraft, 2006 2 Nm3/h lab-scale facility at ECN, connected to MILENA, 2000 2 000 Nm3/h plant in India, connected to MILENA, 2014 200 Nm3/h pilot facility at ECN, connected to MILENA 2003 2 000 Nm3/h plant, Portugal, connected to CFB, 2010

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA Gasification MILENA Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

ESME system Biomass-to-SNG ESME: ECN System for MEthanation April 25, 2017 ESME: ECN System for MEthanation Novel, patented technology for methanation of gas from biomass gasification 70% energy efficiency from wood to bio-SNG ESME system More efficient conversion to SNG: hydrocarbons are not removed but converted Simultaneous HC reforming and methanation in pre-reformer  heat balance  Especially designed for producer gas from fluidized-bed gasifiers and indirect gasifiers Novel, patented technology for methanation of gas from biomass gasification. Especially designed for producer gas from fluidized-bed gasifiers and indirect gasifiers (e.g. ECN MILENA, TUV FICFB). Smart sequence of the different units: More efficient conversion of producer gas to SNG: hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene) are not removed but converted  available for conversion to CH4. Prereformer: simultaneous HC reforming and methanation  heat balance . Reduced compression cost. Smart sequence of the different units Reduced compression cost

Biomass-to-SNG MILENA OLGA Cooling Biomass HDS Pre-reformer Steam Methanation Steam H2S removal CO2 removal Water removal Bio-SNG to grid injection Bio-BTX recovery Bio-BTX (optional) CO2 ~ 6 bar ~ 30 bar Water Heavy tars ESME system

Biomass to SNG 500-hour test, October 2014 Number of operating hours MILENA OLGA HDS SNG-2 580 570 560 515 Availability: - MILENA: ~90%. - MILENA + OLGA + ESME ~ 85%.

DEMONSTRATION PLANT 4 MW wood-to-SNG plant in Alkmaar (NL)

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA MILENA gasification Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

BTX recovery First step after OLGA tar removal. Scrubbing process for BTX recovery Liquid BTX product: first liter in 2014 > 95% separation. Simplifies downstream process to green gas and reduces cost of bio-SNG. BTX scrubber, 2 Nm3/h

Overview of ECN developments Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber Gas cleaning: OLGA MILENA gasification Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME…

Co-production of biofuels: H2 April 25, 2017 Gasification Gas cleaning Biomass Steam WGS H2 separation H2 Gas for heat/power/ synthesis H2 separation Power-to-gas/chemicals Excess renewable power (solar, wind…) Electrolysis H2 Gasification Gas cleaning Biomass Synthesis Upgrading Bio-SNG/ biofuels/ chemicals (e.g. methanation, F-T) Afscheiden uit productgas, voor gebruik van H2 als brandstof of grondstof. Toevoegen aan productgas voor (extra) productie CH4, vloeibare brandstof of chemicaliën. H2 kan dan uit P2G komen, om overtollige duurzame elektriciteit op te slaan. Extra production of e.g. methane, liquid biofuels or chemicals

Outlook Bio-SNG production: ESME … Gas cleaning: OLGA … … Chemicals recovery: BTX scrubber … Gas cleaning: OLGA MILENA gasification … Bio-SNG production: ESME Biofuels: H2, F-T, DME… …

Thanks for your attention! April 25, 2017 Thanks for your attention! ECN Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1 1755 LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands The Netherlands   T +31 88 515 49 49 info@ecn.nl F +31 88 515 44 80 www.ecn.nl