USH2 UNIT 2: FACTORS THAT LED TO EXPLORATION, SETTLEMENT, MOVEMENT, AND EXPANSION Lesson 2.4: Immigration and Urbanization

Activate  Brain storm with a partner to create a list of contributions to the development of our nation from various ethnic groups.

Frayer Model: Nativism

IMMIGRATION

SETTING THE STAGE  IN THE LATE 19 TH CENTURY, A MAJOR WAVE OF IMMIGRATION BEGAN. MOST IMMIGRANTS SETTLED IN CITIES, WHERE DISTINCTIVE ETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS EMERGED. SOME AMERICANS, HOWEVER, FEARED THAT NEW IMMIGRANTS WOULD NOT ADAPT TO AMERICAN CULTURE OR MIGHT BE HARMFUL TO AMERICAN SOCIETY.

EUROPEANS FLOOD INTO AMERICA  IN THE LATE 1800’S, A MAJOR WAVE OF IMMIGRATION BEGAN.  MORE THAN HALF OF ALL IMMIGRANTS WERE FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE.  REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION:  JOBS  AVOID MILITARY SERVICE  RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION  PUSH Vs PULL FACTORS

Push vs. Pull Factors

THE ATLANTIC VOYAGE  MOST IMMIGRANTS WHO CAME TO THE UNITED STATES BOOKED PASSAGE IN STEERAGE = CHEAPEST (PRIMARY SOURCE PAGE 443)

ELLIS ISLAND  AFTER ABOUT TWO WEEKS, THEY ARRIVED AT ELLIS ISLAND  HAD TO PASS A MEDICAL EXAM  MOST PASSED THROUGH IN ABOUT A DAY

AP RAFT: LETTER TO THE EDITOR  R = ROLE  A = ADIENCE  F = FORMAT (LETTER TO THE EDITOR)  T = TOPIC (EXPERIENCE AS AN IMMIGRANT ARRIVING AT ELLIS ISLAND)  Check outs stops 1-10 and the photos on the following website. Use this info to write your RAFT.  /tour/stop1.htm /tour/stop1.htm

ETHNIC CITIES  MANY IMMIGRANTS SETTLED IN CITIES  OFTEN LIVED IN NEIGHBORHOODS SEPARATED IN ETHNIC GROUPS:  SPOKE NATIVE LANGUAGES  WORHIPPED IN FAMILIAR SUROUNDINGS  PUBLISHED ETHNIC NEWSPAPERS  THOSE THAT COULD LEARN ENGLISH QUICKLY AND ADAPT TO AMERICAN CULTURE GENERALLY ADJUSTED WELL

ASIAN IMMIGRATION  CHINESE IMIGRANTS CAME TO ESCAPE POVERTY, FAMINE, FIND JOBS  IN THE 1860’S, DEMAND FOR WORKERS ON THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RR INCREASED IMMIGRATION  CHINESE IMMIGRANTS SETTLED IN CITIES ON WEST COAST  JAPANESE IMMIGRATION INCREASED FROM DUE TO PROBLEMS CAUSED BY JAPANESE INDUSTRIALIZATION

ASIAN IMMIGRATION - CONTINUED  AT FIRST ASIAN IMMIGRANTS ARRIVED AT A TWO STORY SHED AT THE WARF IN SAN FRANCISO  BY 1910, CALIFORNIA OPENED A BARRACKS ON ANGEL ISLAND FOR ASIAN IMMIGRANTS  OFTEN KEPT ON ISLAND FOR MONTHS WAITING TO BE PROCESSED

NATIVISM RESURGES  NEW WAVE OF IMMIGRATION INCREASED FEELINGS OF NATIVISM = EXTREME DISLIKE FOR IMMIGRANTS  HATRED DIRECTED TOWARDS ASIANS, JEWS, AND EASTERN EUROPEANS

PREJUDICE AGAINST CATHOLICS  SOME FEARED LARGE NUMBER OF CATHOLICS  MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASOCIATION WOULD NOT HIRE OR VOTE FOR CATHOLICS

RESTRICTIONS AGAINST ASIAN IMMIGRATION  ANTI-IMMIGRANT FEELINGS LED CONGRESS TO PASS NEW LAWS IN 1882  ONE BANNED CONVICTS, PAUPERS, AND MENTALLY DISABLED FROM MIGRATING  TAXED NEW IMMIGRANTS  CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT BARRED CHINESE IMMIGRATION FOR 10 YEARS, AND PREVENTED CITIZENSHIP  CONGRESS MADE LAW PERMANENT IN 1902, REPEALED IN IN 1943

AP 2 Think Pair Share  What is nativism?  How did Nativism impact legislation?

URBANIZATION  NATIVE BORN AMERICANS AND IMMIGRANTS WERE DRAWN TO CITIES BY THE JOBS AVAILABLE IN AMERICA’S GROWING INDUSTRIES.  THE NEW, MODERN CITIES HAD SKYSCRAPPERS, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, AND NEIGHBORHOODS DIVIDED BY SOCIAL CLASS.

SEPARATION BY CLASS  INDUSTRIALIZATION BENEFITED THE RICH AND THE MIDDLE CLASS  THE WORKING CLASS SUFFERED AND SPENT THEIR LIVES IN CROWED TENEMENTS

URBAN PROBLEMS  JACOB RIIS DOCUMENTED SLUM LIFE IN HIS BOOK HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES  OVERCROWDING, DISEASE, POLLUTION TRIGGERED EPIDEMICS OF CHOLERA AND TYPHOID FEVER  HIGH CRIME RATES

MACHINE POLITICS  POLITICAL MACHINES CAME ABOUT BECAUSE CITIES GREW FASTER THAN GOVERNMENT  NEW CITIES DWELLERS NEEDED JOBS, HOUSING, FOOD, HEAT AND PROTECTION  IN EXCHANGE FOR VOTES, POLITICAL MACHINES THE PARTY BOSSES PROVIDED THESE THINGS  POLITICAL MACHINES OFTEN GREW RICH THROUGH FRAUD, OR GRAFT  TAMMANY HALL, THE MOST NOTORIOUS ORGANIZATION, WAS RUN BY PARTY BOSS WILLIAM “BOSS” TWEED

AP 3 Political Machines

Activity  ATSU = Cities  3-2-1

Learning Log  Today I learned……………..  WHY DID EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS COME TO THE UNITED STATES?  HOW WERE EUROPEANS AND ASIANS TREATED DIFFERENTLY?  WHAT IS NATIVISM?  WHY WERE CATHOLICS TARGETED BY NATIVIST GROUPS?  WHAT WERE SOME OF THE PROBLEMS CREATED BY INDUSTRIALIZATION?  HOW DID LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER, MIDDLE, LOWER CLASSES COMPARE IN THE LATE 1800’S?  HOW DID POLITICAL MACHINES RESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE?  IN WHAT WAYS WERE POLITICAL MACHINES CORRUPT?