C HILE By: Nicole Almazora & Deepak Bains Period 2 Day 2

INTRODUCTION The capital of Chile is Santiago. The majors languages spoken are: Spanish German English Native Languages: Mapudungun Quecha Rapa Nui Huiliche Relative Location: Bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. Absolute Location: S, W By: Deepak Bains

HISTORY Date country came into existence: September 18, 1810 Declared independence from Spain in 1810 not until 1818 it got full independence. How this country became a country: Many outsiders arrived and lived in Chile because of its nitrate treasures. In the 16 th century Europeans saw the affluence of the landscape in Chile but the local tribes resisted. In 1541 a Spaniard named Pedro de Valdivia opened the avenues for progression. After a few years of perpetual wars with the natives, the Spanish succeeded in subjugating the indigenous people by the end of the 17 th century. Pedro de Valdivia

Chile won its independence from Spain in 1818 under the leadership of Bernardo O’Higgins, who also carried a dictator rule until Diego Portales fought a war with Peru in that resulted with the expansion of Chilean territory. Famous People Saint Teresa de Los Andes –the first Chilean saint St. Tesesa Fernando Gonzalez –tennis player Olympic medalist Bernardo O’Higgins- founding father of Chile Michelle Bachelet-current president of Chile Violet Parra-singer By: Nicole Almazora Diego Portales

G EOGRAPHY Major Landforms Andes mountain ranges which is the longest mountain range in the world. The glaciers develop from the Andes mountains which covers 2.7% of the country. There are about 108 active volcanoes in Chile. The most active volcano is the Villarrica volcano. Atacama Desert extends over 2,000 km. Chile has one of the most dangerous coast lines with at least 5,000 rocky islands. Major Bodies of Water Loa river, which is the longest river in Chile. General Carrera Lake, largest and deepest lakes in Chile but also the second largest lake in South America. The South Pacific Ocean- the largest ocean. > Gulf of Penas is an inlet of the South Pacific Ocean and extends for 55 miles. Lago Chungará- located at the very north of Chile, and is the 29 th highest lake in the world.

Major Cities 1. Santiago which has a population of million (Santiago) 2. Puente Alto which has a population of 510, Antofagasta which has a population of 309, Viña del Mar which has a population of 294, Valparaiso which has a population of 282,448 Other major cities: Talcahuano, San Bernardo, Temuco, Iquique, Concepcion. Area in Square Kilometers Relative: slightly smaller than the size of Montana Absolute: 756,102km² (land: 743,812km²)

Major Landmarks 5)Valle de la Luna- located in the Atacama Desert, it shows a breathtaking landscape. 4) Torres del Paine- features mountains, glaciers and lakes. 3)Pucón- a small tourist town that has a beautiful lake and a imposing volcano. 2)Lauca National Park- in the Andes range. It also views Lake Chungará and the twin volcanoes Parinacota and Pomerape. 1)Easter Island- One of the most isolated islands on Earth and famous for its 887 monumental statues called Moai. It is also the most famous tourist attractions on Chile. (Easter Island) (Lauca National Park) (Pucón) Others: Cerron san Cristobal, Los Pinguinos Natural Monument, Valparaiso, San Rafael Glacier, by: Nicole

C ULTURE Clothing Chileans dress very formal to get to work, but they wear casual clothes at home. There are actually no impediments in dressing the way you like. In Chile there are a wide variety of styles from elegant to sport. Chilean teenagers like to wear colour. Majority of the tome Chilean people wear normal clothing. (For example: USA/ Canada) Music Music that Chileans listen to is Nueve Cancián, Cueca, Payada, Cumbia, Sound, Chilean rock, Andean music, Hip Hop, New Chilean Cumbia, and Mapuche Music. Food Beef, chicken, rice, potatoes, fresh fruit, and vegies from the fields of Central Chile. Empanada Religions 68% Christianity 55% Catholic Church 13% Protestan/ evangelical 7% Other empanada

Holidays Jan. 1- New Years Apr. 3- Good Friday May. 1-May Day (international workers day) May 10- Mothers day May 21- Navy day Jun 21- Fathers day Jun. 29- Saint Peter and Saint Paul Jul. 16 Our lady of Mount Carmel Aug. 15- Assumption Day Sep. 18- Independence day of Chile> Sep. 19- Army Day Oct. 12- Race Day Oct. 31- Day of the Dead Nov. 1- All Saints Day Dec. 8- Virgins Day Dec 25- Christmas Day By: Deepak

C URRENT EVENTS Hundreds of Chilean Same-Sex Couples Eagerly Avail Legalization of Civil Unions Registry office in one of Latin Americas more conservative countries will begin granting civil unions to gay and lesbian partners on Thursday source: The Guardian and BBC news On Wednesday, October 21, 2015 hundreds of same sex couples in Chile will head to the registry office because same-sex unions are finally legalized for the first time in the country. Polls show that only around a quarter of Chileans support same-sex marriage. However, there was a broad cross-party support in congress for allowing civil unions. Co-habiting couples who register the new law will be able to claim pension benefits and inherit property if their civil partner dies. It will also make it easier for people to get custody of their partner’s child if he or she dies. Chile legalized divorce in 2004, but abortion remains totally banned. Although same sex marriages aren't legal just yet, it is showing that the world we live in is slowly but surely changing. This could be the first step on the road towards same-sex marriages. This news doesn’t affect me too drastically since Canada had already legalized same-sex marriages. for a while. But it is definitely showing that the conservative countries are becoming more welcoming for same-sex couples. Even USA, a very well known and major country, recently legalized same-sex marriages.

I NTERESTING FACTS Population;17.62 million (2013)Transportation (Local) taxi, colectivo, commuter rail, Metro, bus, Hitchhiking Story Behind the Flag Was hosted for the first time amongst the determined fight for independence from the Spanish empire, which looks nothing like the flag that is hoisted today. The flag of today was adopted in Strange Laws It is illegal to transport any type of seafood on busses. If you are a woman who has been widowed recently, know that if you choose to rebuild your life and want to get married again before 9 months after the death of your husband, you can face criminal charges. Travel Tips It is possible to fly directly from the US and Canada to Santiago. Bring your own travel guidebook because they are really expensive in Chile. The climate is extreme it can be hot and cold.

Native Animals few large mammals species exist. This includes species of felids (Puma, Geoffrey’s cat, colo colo.) 3 species of canids (all fox species of Pseudalopex) 4 camelids (domesticated llama and alpaca) National animal(s): condor and huemul Condor Huemul Extra facts Chile is the longest country in the world from North to South at 2647 miles(4620km) long and extends across 38 degrees latitude. The Andes Mountain Range extends the entire length of the country north to south. Chile is one of the only 2 countries in South America that doesn't touch/border Brazil.

R ESOURCES : "AllCountries.eu." AllCountries.eu. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct "Chile Civil Union Law Comes into Force." BBC.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct "Chile." World Map / World Atlas / Atlas of the World Including Geography Facts and Flags. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct CIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct "Famous Natives." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct "Hundreds of Chilean Same-sex Couples Eagerly Avail Legalization." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct "Local Transportation." N.p., n.d. Web. N.p., n.d. Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct Perrone, Caterina. Culture Smart!: Chile. London: Kuperard, Print. "Random Facts | Fun Trivia | Interesting Insight." 68 Facts on Chile. N.p., 9 Oct. 14. Web. 30 Oct "Tourists in Chile." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct "26 Facts on Chile." N.p., 24 Jan Web.