GEOGRAPHY TERMS & CONCEPTS Unit 2 Chloe Hosemann

DIASPORA The spreading out of an ethnic group Example: Jews over the years

ACTIVITY SPACE An area in which a person moves about as he or she persues regular, day to day activities Examples: my activity space is Cumming, GA

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION The domestication of plants and animals so people had more food and more people survived Example: The large scale growth of new crops in Great Britain such as potato and maize in 1750.

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) started in Africa and then spread to the rest of the countries Example: Rock Hudson died of aids

ARABLE LAND Land that is suitable for agriculture Example: fertile soil

ARITHMETIC GROWTH Number of people in a given area, divided by the size of that area

ARITHMETIC POPULATION DENSITY The total number of people divided by total land area

AWARENESS SPACE May be limited as well so that their may not have the desire to travel far away especially if there are schools and jobs

CARRYING CAPACITY The number of people an area can support

CHAIN MIGRATION People who migrate and then cause others from that area to migrate

CIRCULATION Short term, repetitive movement that occurs on a regular basis

CRITICAL DISTANCE Cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel

CRUDE BIRTH RATE Number of babies born per year per 1000 people alive

CRUDE DEATH RATE Number of deaths per year per 1000 people alive

DEMOGRAPHIC EQUATION The population change in an area by combining natural change

DEMOGRAPHIC MOMENTUM Once the larger base of young people grows beyond child-bearing age the overall population will gradually decline

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY Population patterns vary according to different levels of technological development but all countries go through the same four stages

DEMOGRAPHY The study of population

DENSITY The number of people in a given area

DISLOCATION Without a location or place to live

DISTANCE DECAY The decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin

DOT MAPS Each dot represents a certain number of people

DOUBLING RATE Length of time needed to double the population

EMIGRATION Migration from a location Example: Leaving your home country to settle in a new one.

ENDEMIC Regional epidemic Example: Malaria in tropical regions

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION When an epidemic causes someone to migrate elsewhere

ETHNICITY Less based on physical characteristics and emphasizes a shared cultural heritage Example: Being from Mexico, or being from the US, etc.

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH Growth at a geometric rate

FEMALE INFANTICIDE The act of killing newborn female children

FORCED MIGRATION Coerced movement of people away from their homes

GEOMETRIC RATE When population increases exponentially Example: 1960 to 2015

IMMIGRATION Migration to a location

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Brought major improvements in technology that created an unprecedented amount of wealth

INFANT MORTALITY RATE The number of deaths among infants under one year of age for each thousand live births in a given year

IN-MIGRATION More people immigrate to them

INTERNAL MIGRATION Within the borders of a country

INTER-REGIONAL MIGRATION Between regions

INTERVENING OBSTACLES Physical features that slow migration

INTERVENING OPPORTUNITIES Moving long distances for more oppurtunities

INTRA-REGIONAL MIGRATION Within one region

LIFE EXPECTANCY The number of years a child is expected to live

LINEAR GROWTH Represented by the series 2,3,4,5,6 because even with new agriculture, farmland is limited

THOMAS MALTHUS The first to critic that the worlds population is growing faster than food supply

MIGRATION A permanent move to a new location, either within a single country or from one country to another

MIGRATION SELECTIVITY The tendency for certain types of people to move

NATURAL INCREASE Percentage which the population grows. The crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

NEO-MALTHUSIANS People who support Malthus’ ideas

NET-MIGRATION RATE The rate of people moving into a country being less than the number of people moving out of the same country

ONE CHILD POLICY In china, you can only have one child or you will not get basic privileges

OUT-MIGRATION Migration from your native country to settle in a new one. Where more people emigrate then immigrate Example: People migrating to the new world

OVERPOPULATION The circumstance of too many people for the land to support Example: China

PANDEMIC A widespread epidemic Example: Ebola virus

PHYSIOLOGICAL POPULATION DENSITY Measures the pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food Example: An example would be Egypt. Millions of people live in its great cities as well as its irrigate farmland. The population density of the irrigated farmland in Egypt would be an example of physiological population density.

POPULATIONS CONCENTRATION Where the majority of people in the country are located.

POPULATION EXPLOSION The extreme growth of population that started in the 1750s

POPULATION GEOGRAPHY Focuses on the number, composition, and distribution of human beings on earths surface

POPULATION PYRAMID Represents age and sex composition

PULL FACTORS Attracts people to a new region Example: Available land for farming, jobs

PUSH FACTORS Encourages people to leave a region Example: Drought, war, overcrowding

RACE A category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society consider important Example: Caucasian, African American, Asian, etc.

ERNST RAVENSTEIN Came up with the Laws of Migration

REFUGEES People who are forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution Example: People flee to escape a natural disaster or war zone.

RESTRICTIVE POPULATION POLICIES Policies created in fast-growing countries, usually related to birth control Example: The one child rule in China.

SPACE-TIME PRISM Set of all points that can be reached by an individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point in space-time and an ending point in space-time.

SPATIAL INTERACTION The broad geographical term for the movement of people, ideas, and commodities within and between areas, whether its through circulation or migration.

STATIONARY POPULATION LEVEL Level at which a national population ceases to grow. Most countries will stop growing at the same time in the 21 st century.

STEP MIGRATION Long distance migration done in stages Example: if a person moves from a farm to a small town, then to a larger town and finally a city

SUSTAINABILITY The principal that everything we need for survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly on our natural environment Example: Relates to development that meets today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE The average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing years

VOLUNTARY MIGRATION Relocation due to personal desires Example: People moving from Mexico to the US

ZERO POPULATION GROWTH Leveling off the worlds population Example: When the birth rate and the death rate are the same