Recap – Dawn of a New Era France’s revolutionary army defeated Austrians & Prussians at Valmy France’s revolutionary army defeated Austrians & Prussians at Valmy National Convention ended monarchy & adopted more democratic reforms National Convention ended monarchy & adopted more democratic reforms Political groups formed – Jacobins (radicals) / Girondists (moderates) & Plain (undecided but later supported Jacobins & together they = The Mountain) Political groups formed – Jacobins (radicals) / Girondists (moderates) & Plain (undecided but later supported Jacobins & together they = The Mountain)

Questions to Consider: Did Louis XVI have to die? Why or why not? Did Louis XVI have to die? Why or why not? Why was there so much continued political turmoil within the National Convention? Why was there so much continued political turmoil within the National Convention?

Recap – Dawn of a New Era Military problems led to Committee on Public Safety (to direct war effort) & conscription (to provide soldiers) Military problems led to Committee on Public Safety (to direct war effort) & conscription (to provide soldiers) France experienced internal turmoil (from anti-revolutionaries) (Jacobins & Girondists fought in National Convention) France experienced internal turmoil (from anti-revolutionaries) (Jacobins & Girondists fought in National Convention)

Recap – Dawn of a New Era Reign of Terror = 1 year of Jacobin-led violence Reign of Terror = 1 year of Jacobin-led violence Main leader = Robespierre Main leader = Robespierre He eventually went too far & was killed He eventually went too far & was killed The caption of this 1794 print about the Reign of Terror read: “Cest affreux mais necessaire.” which means, “It is dreadful but necessary.”

Recap – Dawn of a New Era National Convention wrote new constitution (its 2 nd, but the 3 rd overall) & created the Directory National Convention wrote new constitution (its 2 nd, but the 3 rd overall) & created the Directory Directory’s problems led to Napoleon’s rise Directory’s problems led to Napoleon’s rise

Napoleon Was he the fulfillment of the Revolution, or the antithesis of the Revolution? Was he the fulfillment of the Revolution, or the antithesis of the Revolution? Created a massive empire – map page Created a massive empire – map page Important defeats = Russia, Leipzig, then later, after his return, Waterloo Important defeats = Russia, Leipzig, then later, after his return, Waterloo